In 1911 The Qing (Ch’ing) empire was three types of administrative divisions. Viceroyalties ruled by a zongdu (viceroy) responsible for two or more provinces, of which there were nine from 1907. Twenty two provinces governed by Hsun-fu (Xunfu) and six feudatory regions administered by Lifan Yuan (Court of Colonial Affairs). Sinkiang and Manchuria were administered as Lifan Yuan until being incorporated into the provincial system in 1884 and 1907. Manchuria was divided into three provinces with a responsible viceroy.
The feudal lands of the Lifan Yuan were the Mongolian regions and Tibet. Both these territories maintained their own feudal and theocratic traditions under reincarnated Lamarist rulers in the practise of Tibetan Buddhism; though only Tibet had its own government. Both territories had Qing appointed Ambans or ministers. Kobdo, Tannu and Uliastai were administered separately to Outer Mongolia and ruled by military governors. The Inner Mongolian lands were organised into Manchu style banners or leagues. Qinghai or Amdo in Tibetan - was subordinated to the province of Kansu though not part of the provincial system and was later claimed by Tibet following the end of the empire.
From the mid nineteenth century the Qing Empire was forced to cede territory to European powers and Japan who eventually established nine colonies and nine concession territories on mainland China. Western and North-eastern territories were ceded to the Russian Empire in 1860 and Taiwan was ceded to Japan in 1895. The numerous tributary states (Afghanistan, Burma, Korea, Vietnam, Nepal, Bhutan, Laos, and Kokand etc) were also taken over by foreign powers before 1900.
Note: Courtesy names zi and posthumous names shihao were bestode on untitled scholar-officials, courtiers and military generals by the imperial court which are
listed under the given names of the governors listed in this record. A private posthumous name sishi could be given to the deceased by his family or disciples but is not recorded here.
1274 Hukwang (Huguang) province founded
1644 Province split into Hupei and Hunan under Viceroyalty of Lianghu
1668-1670 Abolished
1670 Viceroyalty of Chuan-hu
1674 Viceroyalty of Huguang
1911 Under republican military control
Viceroys of Huguang
1645 - 1652 Luo Hsiu-chin (Luo Xiujin)
1652 - 1656 Tsu Tse-yüan (Zu Zeyuan)
1653 - 1656 Hung Ch'eng-ch'ou (Hong Chengchou)
1656 Hu Ch'üan-ts'ai (Hu Quancai)
1656 - 1660 Li Tsu-yin (Li Zuyin)
1660 - 1668 Chang Ch'eng-keng (Zhang Chenggeng)
1668 - 1669 Liu Chao-ch'i (Liu Chaoqi)
1670 - 1682 Ts'ai Yü-jung (Cai Yurong)
1682 - 1684 Tung Wei-kuo (Dong Wwigou)
1684 - 1688 Hsü Kuo-hsiang (Xu Guoxiang)
1688 - 1694 Ting Szu-k'ung (Ding Sikong)
1694 - 1696 Wu T'ien (Wu Tian)
1696 - 1699 Li Hui-tsu (Li Huizu)
1699 - 1703 Kuo Hsiu (Guo Xiu)
1703 - 1705 Yü Ch'eng-lung (Yu Chenglong)
1705 - 1707 Shih Wen-sheng (Shi Wensheng)
1707 - 1710 Ku Shih-lung (Guo Shilong)
1710 - 1713 O-hai (Ohai)
1713 - 1716 O-lun-t'e (Olunte)
1716 - 1722 Man P'i (Manpei)
1722 - 1725 Yang Tsung-jen (Yang Zongren)
1725 - 1726 Li Ch'eng-lung (Li Chenglong)
1726 - 1727 Fu-min
1727 - 1735 Mai Chu (Mai Zhu)
1735 Chang Kuang-szu (Zhang Guangsi)
1735 - 1737 Shih I-chih (Shi Yizhi)
1737 - 1739 Te-p'ei (Depei)
1739 - 1740 Pan-ti (Bandi)
1740 - 1741 Na-su-tu (Nasutu)
1741 - 1743 Sun Chia-kan (Sun Jiagan)
1743 - 1744 A'erh-sai (A'ersai)
1744 - 1746 O-er-tai (Ortai)
1746 - 1748 Sai-leng-e (Sai Leng'e)
1748 - 1749 Hsin Chu (Xin Chu)
1749 - 1750 Yung Hsing (Yongxing)
1750 - 1751 A-li-kun (Aligun)
1751 - 1753 Yung-ch'ang (Yongchang)
1753 - 1755 K'ai-t'ai (Kaitai)
1755 - 1759 Shuo-se (Shuose)
1759 - 1761 Su Ch'ang (Su Zhang)
1761 - 1763 Ai-pi-ta (Aibida)
1763 - 1764 Li Shih-yao (Li Shiyao) (1st time)
1764 - 1766 Wu Ta-shan (Udashan) (1st time)
1766 Liu Cao (Liu Zao)
1766 - 1768 Ting Chang (Ding Zhang)
1768 - 1771 Wu Ta-shan (2nd time)
1771 - 1772 Fu Ming-an (Fu Ming'an_
1772 Hai-ming
1772 - 1773 Fu Le Hun (Fu Leihun) (1st time)
1773 - 1776 Wen Shou
1776 - 1777 Fu Le Hun (2nd time)
1777 - 1779 San Pao (San Bao)
1779 Tu-si-de (Tu'ende)
1779 - 1780 Fu Le Hun (3rd time)
1780 - 1784 Shu Ch'ang (Shuchang)
1784 - 1786 T'e-ch'eng-o (Techeng'e)
1786 - 1787 Li Shih-yao (2nd time)
1787 - 1788 Ch'ang Ch'ing (Chang Qing)
1788 - 1794 Pi Yüan (Bi Yuan) (1st time)
1794 - 1795 Fu-ning
1795 - 1796 Pi Yüan (2nd time)
1796 - 1797 Fei-mo Le-pao (Feimo Leibao)
1797 - 1799 Ching-an (Jing'an)
1799 - 1800 Wo-shen-pu (Wo Shenbu)
1800 Chiang Sheng (Jiang Sheng)
1800 - 1801 Kao Shu-lin (Gao Shulin)
1801 - 1805 Wu Hsiong-guang (Wu Xiongguang)
1805 Pai Ling (Bailing)
1805 - 1806 Ch'üan P'ao (Quan Bao)
1806 - 1810 Wang Chih-I (Wang Zhiyi)
1810 - 1816 Ma Hui-yü (Ma Huiyu)
1816 - 1817 Juan Yüan (Ruan Yuan)
1817 - 1820 Ch'ing Pao (Qing Bao)
1820 Chang Ying-han (Zhang Yinhan)
1820 - 1822 Ch'en Jo-lin (Chen Ruolin)
1822 - 1826 Li Hong-pin (Li Hongbin)
1826 - 1830 Sung Fu (Song Fu)
1830 - 1832 Lu K'un (Lu Kun)
1832 - 1837 (Jintang) Nar-ching-k'o (Narjingke) ...................... 1784-1857
Feb 1837 - Dec 1838 (Yuanfu) Lin Ts'e-hsü (Lin Zexu) ......................... 1785-1850
1838 - 1839 (Yanshan) Kuei-liang (Guiliang) .......................... 1785-1862
1839 - Dec 1840 Chou T'ien-chüeh (Zhou Tianjue)
1841 - Dec 1851 (Dongyan) Yü-t'ai (Yutai) ................................ 1788-1851
Dec 1851 - Oct 1852 (Xinsheng) Ch'eng Yü-ts'ai (Cheng Yucai) ................. 1783-1858
Oct 1852 - Feb 1853 (Zhongsheng) Hsu Kuang-hsin (Xu Guangxin) ................ 1797-1869
Feb - Sep 1853 (Caizhen) Chang Lian-chi (Zhang Lianji) .................. 1807-1871
Sep 1853 - Feb 1854 (Zhenfu) Wu Wen-jung (Wu Wenrong) ........................ 1792-1854
Feb - Jul 1854 Tai Yung (Taiyong)
Oct 1854 - Jun 1855 Yang P'ai (Yang Pai)
Jun 1855 - 1866 (Xiufeng) Guwanwen (Guanwen) Count Yiyong ................ 1798-1871
1866 - 1867 (Zhuya) Tan T'ing-hsiang (Tan Tingxiang) ................. 18..-1870
02 Feb 1867 - 29 Aug 1870 Li Hong-chang (Li Hongzhang) Marquess Suyi ............... 1823-1901
1867 - 1868 Li Han-chang (Li Hanzhang) (1st Time) .................... 1821-1899
(acting)
1868 - 1869 Kuo Po-yin (Guobau Yin) .................................. 1807-1884
(acting)
30 Aug 1870 - Apr 1882 Li Han-chang (2nd time)
1875 - 1876 Wang Tung-Chüeh (Weng Tongjue)
Apr 1882 - Jun 1883 T'u Tsung-ying (Tu Zongying)
Jun 1883 - Apr 1885 (Songchen) Pien Pao-ti (Bian Baodi) ...................... 1824-1893
Apr 1885 - Aug 1889 (Shoushan/Zifu) Yü-lu (Yu Lu) ............................ 1844-1900
08 Aug 1889 - 02 Nov 1894 Chang Chih-tung (Zhang Zhidong) (1st Time) ............... 1837-1909
02 Nov 1894 - 1896 (Xinfu) T'an Chi-hsün (Tan Jixun) ........................ 1823-1900
27 Dec 1896 - 07 Oct 1902 Chang Chih-tung (2nd time)
07 Oct 1902 - 05 May 1904 (Wuqiao) T'uan-fang (Duanfang) ........................... 1861-1911
05 May 1904 - 05 Sep 1907 Chang Chih-tung (3rd Time)
Aug 1907 - Mar 1908 (Cishan) Chao Erh-hsün (Zhao Erxun) ...................... 1844-1927
Mar 1908 - Oct 1909 (Xiaoshi) Ch'en K'uei-lung (Chen Kuilong) ................ 1857-1948
Oct 1909 - 14 Oct 1911 (Xinru) Borzigit Jui-cheng (Ruizheng) .................... 1864-1912
14 Oct - 02 Nov 1911 (Wuzhuang) Wei Kuang-tao (Wei Guangtao) .................. 1837-1916
02 Nov - 14 Nov 1911 (Bingqing) Wang Shih-chen (Wang Shizhen) ................. 1861-1930
14 Nov - 17 Nov 1911 (Xiangyan) T'uan Ch'i-k'ui (Duan Zhigui) ................. 1969-1925
17 Nov 1911 - 12 Feb 1912 (Zhiquan) Tuan Ch'i-jui (Duan Qirui) ..................... 1864-1936
01 Oct 1644 Viceroyalty of Liangkwang (Two Kwangs [Kwangtung
and Kwanghsi])
05 Jan 1858 - 19 Oct 1861 Occupied by Great Britain and France
08 Nov 1911 Under republican military control
Viceroys of Liangguang
01 Oct 1644 - 15 Jul 1647 Vacant
15 Jul 1647 - 1651 Tong Yang
1651 - 12 Jul 1653 Vacant
12 Jul 1653 - 16 Mar 1656 Li
16 Mar 1656 - 10 Jul 1658 Wang Guoguang
10 Jul 1658 - 02 Apr 1665 Xifeng
02 Apr 1665 - 30 Dec 1667 Lu Xingzu
30 Dec 1667 - 06 Feb 1670 Chou Yu-te (Zhou Youde)
06 Mar 1670 - 01 Feb 1682 Chin Kuang-tsu (Jun Guangzu)
01 Feb 1682 - 08 Aug 1689 Wu Hsing-tso (Wu Xingzuo)
09 Aug 1689 - 17 Dec 1702 Shih-lin (Xi Lin)
17 Dec 1702 - 23 Jan 1707 Kuo Shih-lung (Guoxi Long)
30 Jan 1707 - 19 Nov 1716 Chao Hung-ts'an (Zhaohong Can)
25 Nov 1716 - 09 Sep 1723 Yen Li (Yang Li)
26 Apr 1724 - 29 Mar 1729 Kong Yü-hsun (Kong Yu Xun)
29 Mar 1729 - 21 Mar 1732 Hao Yü-lin (Hao Yulin)
05 Jan 1735 - 30 Aug 1738 O-mi-ta (Omida)
30 Aug 1738 - 10 Aug 1744 Mar-ta'i (Martai)
28 May 1741 - 28 Jan 1743 Ch'ing-fu (Qing Fu)
(acting)
10 Aug 1744 - 14 May 1745 Na-su-t'u (Nasauti)
14 May 1745 - 28 Oct 1748 Ts'e-jing (Cereng) (1st Time)
24 Nov 1748 - 09 Feb 1750 Shih-se (Shise)
09 Feb 1750 - 14 Nov 1751 Ch'en Ta-shou (Chen Dashou)
14 Nov 1751 - 24 Feb 1753 A-li-k'un (Aligun)
24 Feb - 16 Oct 1753 Pan-t'i (Bandi)
(acting)
16 Oct 1753 - 03 May 1754 Ts'e-jing (2nd Time)
03 May 1754 - 31 Aug 1757 Yang Ying-chü (Yang Yin Ju)
31 Aug 1757 - 14 Jan 1758 Ho-nian (Honien)
14 Jan - 27 May 1758 Ch'en Hong-mu (Chen Hongmou)
27 May 1758 - 27 May 1761 Li Shih-yao (Li Shiyao) (1st Time)
27 May 1761 - 22 Jul 1764 Su Chang (Su Zhang)
22 Jul 1764 - 25 Feb 1777 Li Shih-yao (2nd Time)
22 Jul 1765 - 24 Apr 1767 Yang T'ing-chang (Yang Ting Zhang)
(acting)
25 Feb 1777 - 19 Mar 1778 Yang Ching-su (Yang Jing-su)
19 Mar 1778 - 11 Jan 1780 Ku'ei-lin (Kuilin)
11 Jan 1780 - 20 Feb 1784 Pa-yen-san (Bayansan)
20 Feb 1784 - 20 Feb 1785 Shu-ch'ang (Shu Chang)
26 Feb - 01 Sep 1785 Sun Shih-yi (Sun Shiyi) (1st Time)
01 Sep 1785 - 23 May 1786 Fu-le-hun (Fulehun)
23 May 1786 - 19 Feb 1789 Sun Shih-yi (2nd Time)
19 Feb 1789 - 14 Sep 1793 Fu K'ang'an (Fukang'an)
14 Sep 1793 - 05 Jul 1796 Chang-ling (Chang Ling)
05 Jul - 29 Sep 1796 Chu Kuei (Zhu Gui)
29 Sep 1796 - 17 Dec 1802 Chi-ch'ing (Jiqing)
17 Dec 1802 - 26 Jan 1803 (Long Lin) Hu-tu-l'i (Hutuli)
26 Jan 1803 - 30 Jan 1805 Wo-shen-pu (Woshibu) (Japanese)
30 Jan - 12 Dec 1805 Na-yen-ch'eng (Nayancheng)
12 Dec 1805 - 06 Jan 1809 Wu Hsiung-kuang (Wu Xiongguang)
06 Jan - 20 Feb 1809 Yung-pao (Yongbao)
20 May 1809 - 16 Feb 1811 Pai-ling (Bailing)
16 Feb - 05 Nov 1811 Malate Song-yün (Songyun)
05 Nov 1811 - 22 Oct 1817 Chiang Yu-hsian (Jiang Youxian)
22 Oct 1817 - 22 Jun 1826 Juan Yüan (Ruan Yuan)
22 Jun 1826 - 14 Sep 1832 Li Hung-pin (Li Hongbin)
14 Sep 1832 - 15 Oct 1835 Lu K'un (Lu Kun)
15 Oct 1835 - 21 Jan 1840 Teng T'ing-chen (Deng Tingzhen)
21 Jan - 03 Oct 1840 Lin Tse-hsü (Lin Zexu)
28 Sep - 04 Oct 1840 Guarjia I-liang (Yiliang)
04 Dec 1840 - 26 Feb 1841 Borziagit Ch'i-shan (Qishan)
26 Feb 1841 - 19 Mar 1844 Ch'i Kung (Qi Kong)
19 Mar 1844 - 04 Jul 1848 Ai-hsin-chüeh-lo Ch'i-ying (Aisin-Gioro Qiying)
03 Feb 1848 - 07 Sep 1852 Hsü Kuang-chin (Xu Guangjin)
07 Sep 1852 - 26 Feb 1858 Yeh Ming-ch'en (Ye Mingchen)
26 Jan 1858 - 04 May 1859 Huang Tsung-han (Huang Zonghan)
21 May 1859 - 17 Oct 1862 Lao Ch'ung-kuang (Lao Chongguang)
17 Oct 1862 - 14 Feb 1863 Liu Ch'ang-yu (Liu Changyou)
14 Feb - 06 Jul 1863 Yen Tuan-shu (Yan Duanxu)
06 Jul 1863 - 07 Mar 1865 Mao Hung-pin (Mao Hongbin)
13 Mar 1865 - 17 Oct 1874 Jui-lin (Ruilin)
17 Oct 1874 - 02 Sep 1875 Chang Chao-tung (Zhang Zhaodong)
02 Sep 1875 - 27 Dec 1879 Liu K'un-i (Liu Kun-yi)
18 Dec 1878 - 27 Dec 1879 Yü K'uan (Yu Kuan)
01 Jan 1880 - 19 Apr 1882 Chang Shu-sheng (Zhang Shu-sheng) (1st Time)
06 May 1882 - 13 Jul 1883 Tseng Kuo-ch'üan (Zeng Guoquan)
13 Jul 1883 - 22 May 1884 Chang Shu-sheng (2nd Time)
22 May 1884 - 08 Aug 1889 Chang Chih-tung (Zhang Zhidong)
08 Aug 1889 - 13 Apr 1895 Li Han-chang (Li Hanzhang)
16 Apr 1895 - 19 Dec 1899 T'an Chung-lin (Tanzhong Lin)
19 Dec 1899 - 24 May 1900 Te-shou (Deshou) (1st Time)
24 May - 09 Jul 1900 Li Han-chang (Li Hongzhan)
09 Jul - 16 Sep 1900 Te-shou (Deshou) (2nd Time)
16 Sep - 26 Sep 1900 Lu Ch'uan-lin (Lu Chuanlin)
26 Sep 1900 - 02 Jul 1902 T'ao-mo (Tao'Mo)
03 Jul 1902 - 18 Apr 1903 Te-shou (Deshou) (3rd Time)
18 Apr 1903 - 11 Sep 1906 Ts'en Ch'un-hsün (Cen Chunxuan)
11 Sep 1906 - 28 May 1907 Chou Fu (Zhou Fu)
12 Aug 1907 - 28 Jun 1909 Chang Jen-chün (Zhang Renjun)
28 Jun 1909 - 29 Oct 1910 Yüan Shu-hsün (Yuan Shuxun)
29 Oct 1910 - 14 Apr 1911 Tseng Ch'i (Zeng Qi)
14 Apr - 26 Nov 1911 Chang Ming-ch'i (Zhang Mingqi)
26 Nov 1911 Li Chün (Lee Jun) ..................... 1871-1936
01 Jul - 12 Jul 1917 Lu Jung-t'ing (Lu Rongting) ........... 1856-1927
Viceroys of Liangjiang
19 Aug 1647 - 10 Oct 1654 ....
10 Oct 1654 - 23 Jun 1656 Ma Ming-p'ei (Ma Mingpei)
03 Jul 1656 - 17 Dec 1668 Lang Ting-tso (Lang Tingzuo)
10 Jan 1669 - 05 Jul 1673 Ma-le-ch'i (Ma Leji)
29 Jul 1673 - Dec 1681 A-hsi-hsi (A Xixi)
01 Feb 1682 - 24 Jun 1684 Yü Ch'eng-lung (Yu Chenglong)
01 Jul 1684 - 18 Apr 1687 Wang Hsin-ming (Wang Xinming)
18 Apr 1687 - 24 Apr 1688 Tung Na (Dong Ne)
05 May 1688 - 22 Jul 1694 Fu-la-t'a (Fulata)
10 Aug 1694 - 15 Nov 1698 Fan Ch'eng-hsün (Fan Chengxun)
23 Dec 1698 - 28 Apr 1700 Chang P'eng-ke (Zhang Pengge)
28 Apr - 30 Jun 1700 T'ao Tai (Tao Dai)
01 Jul 1700 - 24 Dec 1706 A-shan (Ashan)
01 Jul 1707 - Jul 1709 Shao Mu-pu (Shao Mubu)
27 Aug 1709 - 10 Mar 1712 Ka-li (Gali)
10 Mar - 14 Nov 1712 Lang T'ing-chi (Lang Tingji)
14 Nov 1712 - 22 May 1717 Ho Shou (He Shou)
30 May 1717 - 06 Oct 1722 Ch'ang Nai (Zhangnai)
27 Nov 1722 - 18 May 1726 Cha-pi-na (Chabina)
18 May 1726 - 12 May 1730 Fan Shih-i (Fan Shiyi)
12 May - 20 Jun 1730 Shih I-Chih (Shi Yizhi)
20 Jun 1730 - 08 Aug 1731 Kao Ch'i-cho (Gao Qizhuo) (1st Time)
08 Aug 1731 - 24 Oct 1732 Yin-chi-shan (Yinjishan) (1st Time)
zi: Chang-ria (Zhangjia)
24 Oct 1732 - 23 Feb 1733 Wei T'ing-chen (Wei Tingzhen)
23 Feb - 08 Oct 1733 Kao Ch'i-cho (2nd Time)
08 Oct 1733 - 10 Feb 1737 Chao Hung-en (Zhao Hong'en)
10 Feb - 04 Nov 1737 Ch'ing Fu (Qingfu)
04 Nov 1737 - 05 Dec 1739 Na-su-t'u (Nasutu) (1st time)
05 Dec 1739 - 18 Jun 1740 Hao Yü-lin (Hao Yulin)
18 Jun 1740 - 26 Sep 1741 Yang Chao-tsen (Yang Chaozen)
26 Sep 1741 - 09 May 1742 Na-su-t'u (2nd time)
09 May 1742 - 11 May 1743 Te-p'ei (Depei)
11 May 1743 - 16 Oct 1753 Yin-chi-shan (Yinjishan) (2nd Time)
25 Jan 1749 - 25 Jan 1751 Huang T'ing-kuei (Huang Tinggui)
24 Feb 1753 - 26 Sep 1754 E Rong'an (O Jung'an)
26 Sep 1754 - 09 May 1765 Yin-chi-shan (Yinjishan) (3rd Time)
09 May 1765 - 25 Feb 1779 Kao Chin (Gao Jin)
25 Feb 1779 - 10 Apr 1786 Sa-tsai (Sazai)
10 Apr 1786 - 30 Dec 1787 Li Shih-chieh (Li Shijie)
30 Dec 1787 - 11 Jul 1790 Kao Shu-lin (Gao Shulin) (1st Time)
11 Jul - 14 Jul 1790 Fu-sung (Fu Song)
14 Jul 1790 - 25 May 1791 Sun Shih-i (Sun Shiyi)
25 May 1791 - 14 Aug 1794 Kao Shu-lin (2nd Time)
14 Aug 1794 - 23 Jan 1795 Fu-kang (Fugang) (1st Time)
23 Jan 1795 - 02 Aug 1796 Fu-ning (Funing)
02 Aug 1796 - 06 Nov 1797 Su-lin-k'a (Suling'a)
06 Nov 1797 - 18 Mar 1798 Li Feng-shan (Li Fengshan)
18 Mar 1798 - 12 Aug 1803 Fei Ch'un (Fei Chun)
12 Aug 1803 - 25 Feb 1805 Chen Ta-wen (Zhen Dawen)
25 Feb 1805 - 24 Aug 1809 T'ieh-bao (Tiebao)
24 Aug 1809 - 11 Jan 1810 A-lin-pao (Alinbao)
11 Jan 1810 - 26 Feb 1811 Ma-la-t'e Sung-yün (Malate Songyun) (1st Time)
26 Feb - 27 Jul 1811 Fei-mo Le-pao (Feimo Lebao)
27 Jul 1811 - 25 Dec 1816 Pai-ling (Bailing)
01 May 1816 Ma-la-t'e Sung-yün (2nd Time)
25 Dec 1816 - 09 Sep 1824 Sun Yü-t'ing (Sun Yuting)
09 Sep 1824 - 07 Jul 1825 Wei Yüan-yü (Wei Yuanyu)
07 Jul 1825 - 05 Jun 1827 (Borzigit) Ch'i-shan (Qishan)
05 Jun 1827 - 11 Oct 1830 Chiang Yu-hsian (Jiang Youxian)
11 Oct 1830 - 22 Apr 1839 T'ao Chu (Tao Zhu)
22 Apr 1839 - 05 Jan 1840 Ch'en Lu'an (Aisin-Gioro Yilibu)
05 Jan - 21 Jan 1840 Teng T'ing-chen (Deng Tingzhen)
21 Jan 1840 - 03 May 1841 I-li-pu (Yilibu)
03 May - 22 Oct 1841 Yü-ch'ien (Yu Qian)
19 Oct 1841 - 17 Sep 1842 Niu Chien (Niu Jian)
17 Sep 1842 - 19 Mar 1843 Prince Aisin-Gioro Ch'i-ying (Qiying)
06 Apr 1843 - 30 Apr 1847 Pi-chang (Bichang)
30 Apr 1847 - 26 Apr 1849 Li Hsing-yüan (Li Xingyuan)
26 Apr 1849 - 06 Mar 1853 Lu Chien-ying (Lu Jianying)
27 Mar 1853 - 05 May 1857 (Guarjia) I-liang (Yiliang)
(in Nanchang, Jiangxi)
26 Jul 1857 - 08 Jun 1860 Ho Kuei-ch'ing (He Guiqing)
(in Nanchang, Jiangxi)
08 Jun 1860 - 06 Sep 1868 Tseng Kuo-fan (Zeng Guofan) (1st Time)
(in Nanchang, Jiangxi, to 1864)
23 May 1865 - 07 Dec 1866 Li Hung-chang (Li Hongzhang)
06 Sep 1868 - 29 Aug 1870 Ma Hsin-i (Ma Xinyi)
29 Aug 1870 - 20 Mar 1872 Zeng Guofan (2nd Time)
20 Mar 1872 - 03 Feb 1873 Chang Shu-sheng (Zhang Susheng)
03 Feb 1873 - 12 Jan 1875 Li Tsung-hsi (Li Zong Xi)
12 Jan - 01 Sep 1875 Liu Kun-yi (Liu Kunyi) (1st Time)
01 Sep 1875 - 26 Dec 1879 Shen Pao-chen (Shen Baochen)
27 Dec 1879 - 22 Aug 1881 Liu Kun-yi (2nd Time)
28 Oct 1881 - 08 Feb 1884 Tso Tsung-t'ang (Zuo Zongtang) ............... 1812-1885
16 Feb 1884 - 22 Nov 1890 Tseng Kuo-ch'üan (Zeng Guoquan) .............. 1824-1890
22 Nov 1890 Chen Ping-ch'eng (Chen Bingcheng) ............ 1823-1895
22 Nov 1890 - 07 Oct 1902 Liu Kun-yi (3rd Time)
02 Nov 1894 - 02 Jan 1896 Chang Chih-tung (Zhang Zhidong) (1st Time) ... 1837-1909
(acting)
24 Dec 1899 - 03 May 1900 Lu Ch'uan-lin (Lu Chuanlin) .................. 1836-1900
(acting)
07 Oct 1902 Li Yu-fen (Li Yufen) ......................... 1842-1907
(acting)
07 Oct 1902 - 20 Mar 1903 Chang Chih-tung (2nd Time)
20 Mar 1903 - 31 Aug 1904 Wei Kuang-tao (Wei Guangdao) .................
31 Aug - 31 Oct 1904 (Tokte) Tuan-fang (Duanfang) (1st Time) ...... 1861-1911
31 Oct 1904 - 02 Sep 1906 Chou Fu (Zhou Fu) ............................ 1837-1921
02 Sep 1906 - 28 Jun 1909 (Tokte) Tuan-fang (2nd Time)
28 Jun 1909 Fan Tseng-hsiang (Fan Zengxiang) ............. 1846-1911
28 Jun 1909 - 23 Jan 1912 Chang Jen-chün (Zhang Renjun) ................ 1846-1927
23 Jan - 12 Feb 1912 Chang Hsün (Zhang Xun) ....................... 1854-1923
(acting)
1645 - 1658 Min-ch'e (Min Zhe) Viceroyalty (Fukien and Chekiang provinces)
1687 Min-ch'e (Min Zhe) Viceroyalty restored
1885 Taiwan incorporated into the viceroyalty
1895 - 1945 Taiwan annexed by Japan
1911 Min-ch'e Viceroyalty abolished
Viceroys of Min-Zhe (Governors of Fukien and Chekiang)
1645 - 1647 Chang Ts'un-jen (Zhang Cunren)
1647 - 1652 Ch'en Chin (Chen Jin)
1652 - 1654 Liu Ch'ing-t'ai (Liu Qingtai)
1654 - 1656 T'un-t'ai (Tuntai)
1656 - 1658 Li Shuai-t'ai (Li Shuaitai)
1696 - 1702 K'uo Shi-lung (Guo Shilong)
1702 - 1706 Chin Shih-jung (Jin Shirong)
1706 - 1710 Liang Nai
1710 - 1715 Fan Chi-ch'ung (Fan Shichong)
1715 - 1725 Chiao-luo-man-pao (Jiaoluomanbao)
1725 - 1727 Cho Kao-ch'i (Zhuo Gaoqi)
1727 - 1729 Li Wei (1st time)
1729 - 1730 Xing Gui
1730 - 1732 Li Wei (2nd time)
1732 - 1735 Cheng Yuanzhang
1735 - 1739 Hao Yulin
1739 - 1742 Depei
1742 - 1744 Na-su-t'u (Nasutu)
1744 - 1746 Mar-t'ai (Martai)
1746 - 1757 Kar-chi-shan (Garjishan)
1757 - 1759 Yang Ying-chü (Yang Yingju)
1759 - 1764 Yang Ting-chang (Yang Tingzhang)
1764 - 1768 Su Chang (Su Zhang)
1768 - 1770 Ts'ui Yang-chang (Cui Yangjie)
1770 - 1771 Chung Yun (Zhong Yin) (1st time)
1771 Fu Ming-an (Fu Ming'an)
1771 - 1778 Chung Yun (2nd time)
1778 - 1779 Yang Ching-su (Yang Jingsu)
1779 - 1780 San Pao (San Bao)
1780 - 1781 Fu Lei-kun (Fu Leigun) (1st time)
1781 - 1782 Ch'en Hui-tsu (Chen Huizu)
1782 - 1785 Fu Lei-kun (2nd time)
1785 - 1786 La-te (Lade)
1786 - 1787 Ch'ang-ching (Changjing)
1787 - 1788 Li Shi-yao (Li Shiyao)
1788 - 1789 Fu K'ang-an (Fu Kang'an)
1789 - 1795 Wu-la-na (Wulana)
1795 - 1796 Ho Lin (Helin)
1796 - 1798 K'uei-lun (Kuilun)
1798 - 1799 Fu-chang (Fuzhang)
1799 - 1800 Chang Lin (Zhang Lin)
1800 - 1806 Yü-te (Yude)
1806 - 1809 A-lin-pao (Alinbao)
1809 - 1810 Fang Wei-tien (Fang Weidian)
1810 - 1817 Wang Chih-i (Wang Zhiyi)
1817 - 1820 Tung Chiao-tseng (Dong Jiaozeng)
1820 - 1822 Ch'ing-pao (Qingbao)
1822 - 1825 Chao Shen-ch'en (Zhao Shenchen)
12 Oct 1825 - 19 Mar 1832 Sun Erh-chun (Sun Erzhun)
19 Mar 1832 - 13 Aug 1836 Ch'eng Tsu-luo (Cheng Zuluo)
1836 - 1839 Chung Hsiang (Zhong Xiang)
1839 Chou T'ien-chüeh (Zhou Tianjue)
1839 - 1840 Kuei-liang (Guiliang)
1840 Teng T'ing-chen (Deng Tingzhen)
1840 - 1841 Yen Po-t'ao (Yan Botao)
1841 - 1842 Yang Kuo-chen (Yang Guozhen)
1842 - 1843 I-liang (Yiliang)
23 Jun 1843 - 21 Dec 1850 Liu Yün-k'o (Liu Yunke)
1850 - 1851 Yü-t'ai (Yutai)
1851 Chi Chih-ch'ang (Ji Zhizhang)
1851 Wang Yide (1st time)
05 Nov 1851 - 15 Aug 1852 Yü Jui (Yu Rui)
(acting)
26 Nov 1852 - 09 Sep 1853 Wu Wen-jung (Wu Wenrong)
09 Sep 1853 - 15 Feb 1854 Hui-ch'eng (Huicheng)
15 Feb 1854 - 03 Aug 1858 Wang I-te (2nd time)
1859 - 1862 Ch'ing-tuan (Qingduan)
1862 - 1863 Ch'i-ling (Qiling)
1863 - 1866 Tso Tsung-t'ang (Zuo Congtang)
1866 - 1867 Wu T'ang (Wutang)
1867 - 1868 Ma Hsin-i (Ma Xinyi)
1868 - 1871 Ying-kuei (Yinggui)
1871 - 1876 Li He-nien (Li Henian)
26 Sep 1876 - 16 Jul 1884 Ho Ching (He Jing)
1884 - 1887 Yang Chang-chün (Yang Zhangjun)
1887 - 1892 Pian Pao-ti (Bian Baodi)
1892 - 1894 T'an Chung-lin (Tan Zhonglin)
1894 - 1898 Pien Pao-ch'üan (Bian Baoquan)
1898 - 1903 Hsü Ying-kuei (Xu Yinggui)
1903 Hsi-liang (Xiliang)
1903 - 1904 Lu Hsing-jui (Li Xingrui)
1904 - 1905 Wei Kuang-tao (Wei Guangdao) ............ 1837-191
1905 Sheng-yün (Shengyun) .................... 1858-1931
1905 Sung-fan (Songfan)
1905 - 1906 Tuan-fang (Duanfang) .................... 1861-1911
1906 Chou Fu (Zhou Fa) ....................... 1837-1921
1906 - 1907 Ting Chen-to (Ding Zhenduo) ............. 1824-1911
1907 - 1911 (Heliang) Sung-shou Zhongjie (Song Shou) 1849-1911
Viceroys for Shaan-Gan
11 Dec 1718 - 19 Jun 1721 Nian Ken-yao (Nian Genyao) ................. 1680-1726
zi: Liang-kung (Lianggong)
05 Apr 1731 - 14 Jan 1736 Huang T'ing-kuei (Huang Tinggui) (1st Time) 1691-1759
18 Jan 1749 - 24 Feb 1752 Ts'e-reng (Celeng)
24 Feb 1752 - 19 Jun 1755 Huang T'ing-kuei (2nd Time)
19 Jan 1755 - 22 Jul 1763 (Zhaoxin) K'ai-t'ai (Kaitai)
22 Jul - 26 Jul 1763 O-pi (Obi)
26 Jul 1763 - 11 Apr 1764 A-er-t'ai (A'ertai) (1st Time) ............. 1696-1773
11 Apr - 26 Jul 1764 A-kuei (Agui), prince Taibao ............... 1717-1797
zi: Kwang-ting (Guangting)
26 Jul 1764 - 26 Nov 1770 A-er-t'ai (2nd Time)
26 Jul 1770 - 03 Mar 1771 Te-fu (Defu) (1st Time)
(acting)
03 Mar - 04 Jul 1771 A-er-t'ai (3rd Time)
06 Nov - 25 Dec 1771 Wen-shou (1st Time)
25 Dec 1771 - 12 Jun 1772 (Irgen Gioro) K'uei-lin (Guilin) ........... 1735-1780
20 Jul 1772 - 19 Jan 1773 Wen Shou (2nd Time)
19 Jan - 14 Aug 1773 Liu Ping-t'ien (Liu Bingtian)
14 Aug 1773 - 26 Mar 1776 Fu-le-hun (Fulehun) ........................ 1722-1796
26 Mar 1776 - 29 Sep 1781 Wen-shou (3rd Time)
29 Sep 1781 - 21 May 1783 Fu K'ang-an (Fu K'angan) (1st Time) ........ 1753-1796
zi: Yao-lin
21 May 1783 - 10 Apr 1786 Li Shih-chieh (Li Shijie) (1st Time)
10 Apr 1786 - 30 Dec 1787 Pao Ning (Bao Ning) (Wenduan) .............. 17..-1808
30 Dec 1787 - 27 Dec 1789 Li Shih-chieh (2nd Time)
27 Dec 1789 - 14 Jul 1790 Sun Shih-i (1st Time) ...................... 1720-1796
zi: Chih-ye)
23 Nov 1790 - 05 Dec 1791 O-hui (Ohui)
05 Dec 1791 - 15 Sep 1793 Hui-ling ................................... 1743-1804
zi: Chun-ting
15 Sep 1793 - 14 Aug 1794 Fu K'ang-an (2nd Time)
14 Aug 1794 - 22 Apr 1795 Ho-lin (He Lin) ............................ 1753-1796
zi: Hsi-chai (Xizhai)
22 Apr 1795 - 02 Aug 1796 Sun Shih-i (2nd Time)
02 Aug 1796 - 20 Jun 1797 (Shan'an) Fu-ning (Fu Ning) ................ 1739-1812
20 Jun 1797 - 06 Mar 1798 I-mian (Yimian)
06 Mar 1798 - 16 Aug 1799 Fei-mo Le-pao (Feimo Lebao) (1st Time) ..... 1740-1819
16 Sep 1799 - 22 Apr 1800 K'uei-lin (Kuilin)
22 Apr 1800 - 16 Mar 1810 Fei-mo Le-pao (2nd Time)
zi: Yi-hsuan (Yixuan)
16 Mar 1810 - 22 Oct 1817 Ch'ang Ming
22 Oct 1817 - 23 Oct 1822 Chiang Yu-hsien (Jiang Youxian) ............ 1766-1830
zi: Ying-fang
23 Oct 1822 - 27 Jan 1824 Ch'en Jo-lin (Chen Ruolin) ................. 1759-1832
zi: Chong-ching (Zhongching)
27 Jan 1823 - 12 May 1829 Tai San-hsi (Dai Sanxi) .................... 1758-1830
zi: Chin-fan (Jinfan)
12 May 1829 - 25 Mar 1831 (Borzigit) Ch'i-shan (Qishan) .............. 1786-1854
zi: Ching'an (Jing'an) (1st Time)
25 Mar 1831 - 10 Jun 1838 O-shan (Oshan) ............................. 1770-1838
10 Jun - 28 Aug 1838 Pao-hsiang (Baoxing) ....................... 1777-1848
zi: Chueh-luo (Jue Luo)
28 Aug - 30 Dec 1838 Su T'ing-yü (Su Dingyu) .................... 1783-1833
zi: Yun-shan
30 Dec 1838 - 04 Feb 1846 Pao-hsiang (2nd Time)
04 Feb 1846 - 09 Nov 1849 Ch'i-shan (2nd Time)
09 Nov 1849 - 07 Sep 1852 (Meiqiao) Hsü Tse-shun (Xu Zeshun) ......... 1787-1858
zi: Mei-chiao (Meiqiao)
07 Sep 1852 - 14 Jan 1853 Yü-ch'eng (2nd Time)
14 Jan - 09 Sep 1853 Hui-ch'eng (Huicheng) ...................... 1803-1864
zi: Yu-ting
09 Sep 1853 - 11 Nov 1854 Yü-ch'eng (3rd Time)
11 Nov 1854 - 02 Sep 1856 Huang Tsung-han (Huang Zonghan) ............ 1803-1864
zi: Chih-yun (Jiyun)
02 Sep 1856 - 15 Aug 1857 Wu Chen-yü (Wu Zhenyu) ..................... 1792-1870
zi: Chong-yun (Zhongyun)
15 Aug 1857 - 04 May 1859 Wang Ch'ing-yün (Wang Qingyun) ............. 1798-1862
zi: Chia-rung (Jiarong)
14 Dec 1859 - 19 Aug 1860 Tseng Wang-yen (Zeng Wangyan) .............. 18..-1870
zi: Chan-kung (Chankong)
31 Aug 1860 - 25 Aug 1861 (Shizai) Ch'ung-shih (Chongshi) ............ 1820-1876
zi: Shi-tzai (Shizai) (acting)
25 Aug 1861 - 12 Jan 1868 Luo Ping-chang (Luo Bingzhang) ............. 1793-1867
zi: Yumen
12 Jan 1868 - 15 Jan 1876 (Zhongxuan) Wu-t'ang (Wutang) .............. 1813-1876
zi: Chung-hsuan (Zhong-hsuan)
15 Jan - 27 Oct 1876 Li Hung-chang (Li Hongzhiang) .............. 1821-1899
27 Oct 1876 - 06 Jun 1886 Ting Tao-chen (Ding Daozhen) ............... 1820-1886
zi: Wei-huang (Weihuang)
06 Jun 1886 - 19 Nov 1894 Liu Ping-chang (Liu Bingzhang) ............. 1826-1905
zi: Chung-liang (Zhongliang)
19 Nov 1894 - 16 Apr 1895 T'an Chung-ling (Tan Zhongling) ............ 1822-1905
zi: Wen-ching (Wenqing)
16 Apr 1895 - 27 Sep 1897 (Zixuan) Lu Ch'uan-lin (Lu Chuanlin) ....... 1836-1910
zi: Tz'i-hsuan (Zixuan)
27 Sep - 11 Dec 1897 (Jiantang) Li Ping-heng (Li Bingheng) ...... 1830-1900
zi: Chia-tang (Jiantang)
11 Dec 1897 - 11 Jul 1898 Kong-shou (Gong Shou) ...................... 1844-1900
12 Jul 1898 - 04 Aug 1902 K'uei-chün (Kuijun) ........................ 184.-1916
zi: Le-feng
04 Aug 1902 - 18 Apr 1903 Tsen Ch'un-hsüan (Cen Chunxuan) (1st Time) . 1861-1933
zi: Yun-chie (Yunjie)
18 Apr 1903 - 03 Mar 1907 (Bayuete) Hsi-liang (Xiliang) .............. 1853-1917
zi: Ching-pi (Qingbi)
03 Mar - 05 Sep 1907 Tsen Ch'un-hsüan (2nd Time)
05 Sep 1907 - 06 Mar 1908 Ch'en K'uei-lun (Chen Kuilun) .............. 1857-1948
06 Mar 1908 - 20 Apr 1911 Chao Er-hsün (Zhao Erxun) .................. 1844-1927
zi: Ts'u-shan (Cishan)
20 Apr - 15 Oct 1911 Chao Er-feng (Zhao Erfeng) ................. 1845-1911
15 Oct - 06 Nov 1911 Tsen Ch'un-hsüan (3rd Time)
06 Nov - 27 Nov 1911 Tuan Fang (Duan Fang) ...................... 1861-1911
zi: Wu-chiao (Wuqiao) (acting)
1856 - 1872 Pingnan Gao ("Pacified South State") a major Islamic rebellious polity in western Yunnan
Governors-general of Yun-Gui (Yunnan and Guizhou)
1647 - 1652 Wang Lai-yung (Wang Laiyong)
1652 - 1659 Hung Ch'eng-ch'ou (Hong Chengchou)
12 Feb 1659 - 05 Oct 1661 Chao T'ing-chen (Zhao Dingzhen)
05 Oct 1661 - 03 Jan 1669 Pien San-yüan (Bian Sanyuan) ............................. 1616-1697
03 Jan 1669 - 14 Dec 1674 Kan Wen-k'un (Gan Wenkun) ................................ 1632-1674
17 Dec 1674 - 19 Jul 1677 O-shan (Oshan)
27 Mar 1679 - 1680 Chou You-te (Zhou Youde) ................................. 16..-1680
27 Feb 1680 - 1682 Chao Liang-tung (Zhao Liangdong) ......................... 1621-1697
24 Feb 1682 - 08 Jun 1686 Ts'ai Yü-jung (Cai Yurong) ............................... 16..-1699
08 Jun 1686 - 21 Apr 1694 Fan Ch'eng-hsün (Fan Zhengxun) ........................... 1641-1714
04 May - Aug 1694 Ting Szu-kung (Ding Sikong) .............................. 1634-1694
05 Nov 1694 - 14 Dec 1699 Wang Chi-wen (Wang Jiwen)v
19 Dec 1699 - 01 Jul 1705 Pa-hsi (Baxi)
08 Jul 1705 - 20 Nov 1710 (Fucha) Pei Hen-ou (Bei Henou) ........................... 1647-1721
20 Nov 1710 - 28 Oct 1716 K'uo Li (Kuo Li)
zi: Wen Sun
28 Oct 1716 - 15 Sep 1720 Chiang Ch'en-hsi (Jiang Chenxi) .......................... 1653-1721
zi: Chang Chih (Chang Zhi)
15 Sep 1720 - 31 Mar 1722 Chang Wen-huan (Zhang Wenhuan)
31 Mar 1722 - 08 Nov 1725 Kao Ch'i-chou (Gao Qizhou) (1st Time) .................... 1676-1738
shi: Wenliang
08 Nov - 30 Nov 1725 Ituri .................................................... 16..-1753
30 Nov 1725 - 19 Nov 1726 Yanh Ming-shih (Yang Mingshi)
zi: Pin Shi (Binshi) shi: Wending
19 Nov 1726 - 08 Aug 1731 O-e-t-ai (Ertai) ......................................... 1677-1745
zi: Yi'an
08 Aug 1731 - 23 Feb 1733 Kao Ch'i-chou (2nd Time)
23 Feb 1733 - 20 May 1737 Chang-chia Yin-chi-shan (Zhangjia Yinjishan) ............. 16..-1749
20 Apr 1747 - 09 Feb 1750 Chang Yun-sui (Zhang Yunsui) ............................. 1693-1751
zi: Shih Tzai (Shi Zhai) shi: Wenhe
09 Nov 1750 - 24 Mar 1755 Shih-se (Shise) .......................................... 1687-1759
shi: Gongqin
19 Jul 1755 - 24 Mar 1756 Ai-pi-ta (Aibida) (1st Time)
24 Mar 1756 - 16 Jul 1757 Heng-wen
18 Jul 1757 - 27 May 1761 Ai-pi-ta (2nd Time)
27 May 1761 - 22 Jul 1764 U-da-shan (Udashan) ...................................... 17..-1771
zi: Yu Min shi: Qinyi
22 Jul 1764 - 24 Feb 1766 (Lin Zhao) Liu Tsao (Liu Zao)
24 Feb 1766 - 30 Mar 1767 (Pei Zhi) Yang Ying-chü (Yang Yingju) .................... 1696-1766
30 Mar 1767 - 14 Apr 1768 (Jun Ting) Ming-jui (Mingrui) ............................ 17..-1768
14 Apr - 08 Aug 1768 O-ling (Oling) ........................................... 1726-1770
08 Aug 1768 - 12 Feb 1769 A-kuei (Agui) ............................................ 1717-1797
13 Feb - 29 Apr 1769 Ming-te (Mingde)
05 May - 04 Nov 1769 A-szu-ha (Aishe) ......................................... 1707-1776
shi: Zhuang Ke
04 Nov 1769 - 22 Jun 1774 P'eng Pao (Peng Bao)
03 Mar - 04 Jul 1771 T'e Fu (Defu) ............................................ 17..-1782
shi: Qinsu
22 Jun 1774 - 25 Feb 1777 Tu-en-te (Tu`ende) ....................................... 17..-1777
25 Feb 1777 - 22 Apr 1780 Li Shih-yao (Li Shiyao) .................................. 17..-1788
zi: Chin-chai (Chinzhai) shi: Gongyi
22 Apr 1780 - 29 Sep 1781 Fu K'ang-an (Fu Kang'an) (1st Time) ............. 1754-1796
zi: Yaolin shi: Wenxiang
29 Sep 1781 - 14 Jun 1794 Fu Kang (Fugang) ......................................... 1737-1800
14 Jun 1794 - 23 Jun 1795 Fu K'ang-an (2nd Time)
23 Jun 1795 - 09 Nov 1797 Fei-mo Le-pao (Feimo Lebao) (1st Time) ................... 1740-1819
zi: Yi-hsuan (Yixuan) shi: Wenxiang
09 Nov 1797 - 03 Aug 1798 O-hui (Ohui) ............................................. 17..-1798
03 Aug 1798 - 06 Sep 1799 Fei-mo Le-pao (2nd Time)
06 Sep - 31 Oct 1799 (Mu'an) Jue Luo Changlin ................................. 1748-1811
31 Oct 1799 - 05 Dec 1800 Chang-ling (1st Time) .................................... 1730-1801
zi: Maoting shi: Wenxiang
05 Dec 1800 - 1801 Kao Shu-lin (Gao Shulin) ................................. 17..-1801
zi: Fu-chai shi: Wenqin
1801 - 17 Jul 1804 Lang Kan (Lang Gan)
17 Jul 1804 - 06 Aug 1820 Pai-ling (Bailing) ....................................... 1748-1816
zi: Yuting shi: Wenshen
06 Aug 1820 - 08 Jul 1821 Ch'ing Pao (Qing Bao)
zi: You-chuh (Youzhi)
08 Jul 1821 - 20 Sep 1822 Shih Cheng-kuang (Shi Zhengguang) ........................ 1752-1828
zi: Yu-tsun (Yucun)
20 Sep 1822 - 12 Oct 1825 Ming-shan (Mingshan) ..................................... 1761-1834
04 Sep 1824 - 12 Oct 1825 Chang-ling (2nd Time)
(acting)
12 Oct 1825 - 22 Jun 1826 Chao Ch'en-chen (Zhao Chenzhen) .......................... 1761-1826
zi: Tzun-lu (Zunlu)
22 Jun 1826 - 08 Mar 1835 Juan Yüan (Ruan Yuan) .................................... 1764-1849
zi: Yun-tai shi: Wenda
08 Mar 1835 - 21 Jan 1840 I-li-pu (Yilibu) ......................................... 1772-1843
shi: Wenmin
21 Jan - 26 Jan 1840 (Weizhou) Teng T'ing-chen (Deng Tingzhen) ................ 1776-1846
zi: Weizhou
26 Jan 1840 - 18 May 1845 Kuei-liang (Guiliang) .................................... 1785-1862
zi: Yanshan shi: Wen Duan
18 Dec 1844 - 18 May 1845 Wu Ch'i-run (Wu Qijun) ................................... 1789-1844
zi: Chih-shen (Ji Shen)
18 May 1845 - 12 Oct 1846 (Ougeng) Ho Chang-ling (He Zhangling) .................... 1785-1848
12 Oct 1846 - 30 Apr 1847 Li Hsiang-yüan (Li Xingyuan) ............................. 1797-1851
30 Apr 1847 - 10 Sep 1849 Lin Tse-hsü (Lin Zexu) ................................... 1785-1850
10 Sep 1849 - 21 Dec 1850 Ch'eng Yü-tsai (Cheng Yucai) ............................. 1785-1850
zi: Ching-feng (Qingfeng)
21 Dec 1850 - 26 Oct 1852 Wu Wen-yung (Wu Wenyong) ................................. 1783-1858
zi: Chen-fu (Zhenfu)
26 Oct 1852 - 11 Jan 1854 Luo Ja-to-tien (Luo Radodian) ............................ 1793-1854
14 Jun 1853 - 11 Jan 1854 Wu Chen-yü (Wu Zhenyu) (1st Time) ........................ 1792-1870
zi: Chong-yun (Chung-yun)
11 Jan 1854 - 15 Aug 1857 Heng Ch'ung (Heng Chung) ................................. 1792-1857
zi: Yiting
15 Aug 1857 - 01 Jan 1859 Wu Chen-yü (2nd time)
01 Jan 1859 - 14 Nov 1860 Chang Liang-chi (Zhang Liangji) .......................... 1807-1871
zi: Tsai-chen (Caishen)
14 Nov 1860 - 25 Aug 1861 Liu Yüan-hao (Liu Yuanhao) ............................... 1796-1865
zi: Chian-chuan (Jianquan)
25 Aug - 19 Dec 1861 Fu Ch'i (Fu Ji) .......................................... 1811-1875
zi: Chun-ying
19 Dec 1861 - 26 Apr 1863 P'an To (Pan Duo)
26 Apr 1863 - 02 Apr 1867 Lao Ch'ung-kuang (Lao Chongguang) ........................ 1802-1867
zi: Hsin-chie (Xinjie)
02 Apr 1867 - 22 Mar 1868 Chang K'ai-sung (Zhang Kaisong) .......................... 1820-1886
zi: Yueh-ching (Yueqing)
28 Mar 1868 - Nov 1875 Liu You-ch'ao (Liu Youzhao) .............................. 1824-1880
02 Oct 1873 - 17 May 1876 Ch'en Yü-ying (Chen Yuying) (1st Time) ................... 1829-1889
(acting to Nov 1875)
zi: Yan-ching (Yanqing) shi: Xiang Qin
17 May 1876 - 30 May 1883 Liu Ch'ang-you (Liu Changyou) ............................ 1818-1887
zi: Tzimo shi: Wu Shen
30 May 1883 - 29 Jun 1889 Ch'en Yü-ying (2nd time)
30 Jun 1889 - 28 Aug 1895 Wang Wen-shao (Wang Wenshao) ............................. 1830-1908
zi: Kuishi shi: Wen Qin
03 Oct 1894 - 19 Jan 1895 (Yinbin) T'an Chün-p'ei (Tan Junpei)
(acting)
19 Jan - 30 Aug 1895 Ch'en Yü-pao (Chen Yubao)
30 Aug 1895 - 05 Dec 1900 Sung Fan (Song Fan) ...................................... 18..-1905
zi: Hsi-hou (Xihou)
28 Nov 1899 - 05 Dec 1901 Ting Chen-to (Ding Zhenduo) (1st Time) ................... 1842-1914
zi: Shengbo (acting)
05 Dec 1901 - 05 Dec 1902 Wei Kwang-tao (Wei Guangdao) ............................. 1837-1916
zi: Wu-chuang (Wuzhuang)
05 Dec 1902 - 1903 Lin Shao-nien (Lin Shaonian) ............................. 1845-1916
1903 - 13 Dec 1904 Ting Shou-to (Ding Shouduo)
zi: Shengbo
13 Dec 1904 - 11 Sep 1906 Ching Chen-to (2nd Time)
zi: Yun-chieh (Yunjie)
11 Sep 1906 - 03 Mar 1907 Ts'en Ch'un-hsüan (Cen Chunxuan) ......................... 1861-1933
03 Mar 1907 - 09 Feb 1909 (Bayuete) Hsi-liang (Xi Lang) ............................ 1853-1917
shi: Wen Cheng
09 Feb 1909 - 31 Oct 1911 (Zhongxuan) Li Ching-hsi (Li Jingxi) ..................... 1859-1925
Qa`id Jami al-Muslimin (Sultan)
1856 - 26 Dec 1872 Tu Wen-hsiu (Du Wenxiu)
(Sulayman ibn `Abd ar-Rahman)
01 Oct 1649 Ch'ih-li (Zhili) province
01 Oct 1669 - 14 Dec 1724 Administered by Xuantong
22 Dec 1911 Under Republican Military control
Viceroys
01 Oct 1649 - Oct 1651 Chang Ts'un-jen (Zhang Cunren)
29 Nov 1651 - 18 Apr 1654 Ma Kuang-hui (Ma Guanghui)
18 Apr 1654 - 04 Feb 1657 Li Yin-tsu (Li Yinzu)
24 Feb 1657 - 15 May 1658 Chang Hsüan-hsi (Zhang Xuan-tin)
23 Nov 1661 - 04 Jul 1665 Miao Ch'eng (Miao Cheng)
13 Jul 1665 - 08 Jan 1667 Chu Ch'ang-tso (Zhu Changzu)
27 Jan 1667 - 30 Sep 1669 Pai Ping-chen (Bai Bingzhen)
14 Dec 1724 - 26 Sep 1725 Li Wei-jun (Li Weijun)
26 Sep 1725 - 16 Jan 1727 Li Fu
16 Jan 1727 - 23 Jun 1728 I Chao-hsiung (Yi Zhaoxiong)
23 Jun 1728 - 08 Mar 1729 Liu Shih-shu (Liu Shi-shu)
24 Feb - 01 Jul 1729 Yang K'un (Yang Kun)
01 Jul 1729 - 27 Oct 1731 T'ang Chih-yü (Tang Zhiyu)
27 Oct 1731 - 02 Sep 1732 Liu Yü-yi (Liu Yuyi)
02 Sep 1732 - 29 Nov 1738 Li Wei
29 Nov 1738 - 26 Sep 1741 Sun Chia-kan (Sun Jiagan)
26 Sep 1741 - 19 Jun 1745 Kao Pin (Gao Bin)
19 Jun 1745 - 18 Aug 1749 Na-shu'tu (Nasutu)
18 Aug 1749 - 25 Sep 1768 Fang Kuan-ch'eng (Fang Guangcheng)
27 Sep 1768 - 26 Nov 1771 Yang T'ing-chang (Yang Tingzhang)
26 Nov 1771 - 27 Apr 1779 Chou Yüan-li (Zhou Yuan Li)
27 Apr - 29 Apr 1779 Ying Lien (Ying Lian)
29 Apr 1779 - 27 Jan 1780 Yang Ching-su (Yang Jingsuo)
27 Jan 1780 - 13 Jan 1782 Yüan Shou-t'ung (Yuan Shoutong) (1st Time)
13 Jan - 25 Nov 1782 Ch'eng Ta-chin (Zhong Dajin)
25 Nov 1782 - 16 Jun 1783 Yüan Shou-t'ung (2nd Time)
16 Jun 1783 - 10 Apr 1790 Liu O (Liu E)
10 Apr 1790 - 20 Feb 1798 Liang K'en-t'ang (Liang Kentang)
20 Feb 1798 - 24 Nov 1800 Hu Ch'i-t'ang (Hu Jitang)
24 Nov - 05 Dec 1800 Yen Chien (Yan Jian)
05 Dec 1800 - 19 Jul 1801 Chiang Sheng (Jiang Sheng)
20 Jul 1801 - 03 May 1802 Ch'en Ta-wen (Chen Dawen)
09 May 1802 - 04 Jul 1805 Yen Chien (Yan Jian) (1st Time)
04 Jul - 12 Dec 1805 Wu Hsiung-kuang (Wu Xiongguang)
12 Dec 1805 - 08 Nov 1806 Ch'iu Hsing-chien (Qui Xingjian)
08 Nov - 23 Nov 1806 Ch'in Chen-ken (Qin Chengen)
23 Nov 1806 - 05 Nov 1813 Wen Ch'eng-hui (Wen Chenghui)
05 Nov 1813 - 24 Jul 1816 Na-yen-cheng (Nayancheng) (1st Time)
24 Jun 1816 - 29 Jan 1822 Fang Shou-ch'ou (Fang Shouchou)
29 Jan 1822 - 15 May 1823 Yen Chien (2nd Time)
15 May 1823 - 07 Dec 1825 Chiang Yu-hsian (Jiang Youxian)
07 Dec 1825 - 25 Mar 1831 Na-yen-cheng (2nd Time)
26 Dec 1827 - 18 May 1829 T'u Chih-shen (Tu Zhishen)
21 May 1829 - 25 Mar 1831 Ma-la-t'e Song-yü (Malat'e Songyun)
25 Mar 1831 - 28 Sep 1840 (Borzigit) Ch'i-shan (Qishan)
14 Apr - 25 Jul 1837 Mu-chang'a (Mujanga)
(acting)
28 Sep 1840 - 06 Oct 1853 Fei-mo Nar'ch'ing (Feimo Narjing'e)
06 Oct 1853 - 21 Jan 1857 Kuei-liang (Guiliang)
21 Jan 1857 - 26 Jul 1858 T'an T'iang-hsiang (Tan Tingxiang)
26 Jul 1858 - 25 Mar 1859 Ch'ing-ch'i (Qing-qi)
25 Mar 1859 - 26 Feb 1861 Heng-fu (Heng Fu)
26 Feb 1861 - 14 Feb 1863 Wen Yün (Wen Yu)
14 Feb - 20 Apr 1863 Ch'ung-huo (Chonghou)
20 Apr 1863 - 29 Nov 1867 Liu Ch'ang-huo (Liu Changyou)
29 Nov 1867 - 06 Sep 1868 Kuan-Wen (Guan Wen)
06 Sep 1868 - 29 Aug 1871 Tseng Kuo-fan (Zeng Guofan)
29 Aug 1871 - 28 Aug 1895 Li Hong-chang (Li Hongzhang) (1st Time)
19 Apr 1882 - 13 Jul 1883 Chang Shu-sheng (Zhang Shusheng)
(acting)
28 Aug 1895 - 23 Jun 1898 Wang Wen-shao (Wang Wenshao)
23 Jun - 25 Sep 1898 Jung Lu (Rong Lu)
28 Sep 1898 - 27 Jun 1900 Yü-lu (Hsi-tara [Xitara]) Yu Lu
08 Jul 1900 - 07 May 1901 Li Hong-chang (2nd Time)
07 May 1901 - 04 Sep 1907 Yüan Shi-k'ai (Yuan Shi-kai)
05 Sep 1907 - 28 Jun 1909 Yang Shih-hsiang (Yang Shixiang)
28 Jun 1909 Nala Na-t'ung (Nala Natong)
(acting)
28 Jun 1909 - 23 Jan 1910 Tokte Tuan-fang (Duangfang)
12 Jan 1910 Ts'ui Yung'an (Cui Yog'an)
23 Jan 1910 - 03 Feb 1912 Ch'en K'uei-ung (Chen Kuilong)
03 Feb - 12 Feb 1912 Chang Chen-fang (Zhang Zhenfang)
01 Jul - 09 Jul 1917 Chang Hsün (Zhang Xun)
1366 - 1644 Anhwei (Anhui) administered by Nanzhili
19 Aug 1647 - 30 Sep 1649 Subordinated to the viceroyalty of Chiang-nan
30 Sep 1649 - 31 Oct 1911 Subordinanted to the viceroyalty of Liangchiang
31 Oct - 30 Nov 1911 Anhwei declared independent of the Qing empire
Governors
May 1667 - May 1671 Chang Ch'ao-chen (Zhang Chaozhen)
Jun 1671 - Feb 1677 Chin Fu (Jin Fu) ............................ 1633-1692
zi: Ziyuan
Mar 1677 - 1684 Hsü Kuo-hsiang (Xu Guoxiang)
Oct 1684 - May 1687 Hsüeh Chu-tou (Xue Zhudou)
Jun 1687 - Oct 1688 Yang Su-yün (Yang Suyun)
zi: Yun-mei/Tui'an
27 Oct 1688 - 31 Dec 1692 Chiang Yu-liang (Jiang Youliang)
Jan 1693 - Feb 1694 Kao Ch'eng-chüeh (Gao Chengjue)
Feb 1694 - Sep 1695 T'ung Kuo-tso (Tong Guozuo)
Sep 1695 - Jan 1696 Wei Hsin (Wei Xin)
Jan 1696 - Nov 1698 Chen Ju-ch'i (Chen Ruqi)
Nov 1698 - May 1700 Li Wei
May 1700 - 1701 Kao Ch'eng-chüeh (Gao Chengjue)
1701 Yü Ch'eng-lung (Yu Chenglong)
1701 - 1704 Chao Shih-hsien (Zhao Shixian)
1704 - 1709 Liu Kuang-mei (Liu Guangmei)
Sep 1709 - Jul 1711 Yeh Chiu-ssu (Ye Jiusi)
Aug 1711 - Oct 1716 Liang Shih-hsün (Liang Shixun)
Oct 1716 - Aug 1725 Li Ch'englung (Li Chenglong)
Aug 1725 - May 1730 Wei T'ing-chen (Wei Tingzhen)
zi: Junbi. shi: Wen-ch'ian
May 1730 - Jul 1732 Ch'eng Yüan-chang (Cheng Yuanzhang)
zi: Ku'an-wen shi: Tanzhai
Jul 1732 - Dec 1733 Hsü Pen (Xu Pen) ............................. 1683-1747
zi: Li-ren, shi: Wen-mu)
Dec 1733 - Oct 1734 Wang Wei
Oct 1734 - Apr 1738 Chou Kuo-lin (Zhao Guolin) ................... 1673-1751
zi: Ren-pu
Apr 1738 - Nov 1739 Sun Kuo-lin (Sun Guoxin)
zi: Ch'en Ch'iu
Nov 1739 - Jun 1741 Ch'en Ta-shou (Chen Dashou) .................. 1702-1751
zi: Chan-hsian, shi: Wensu
Jun 1741 - Dec 1742 Chang K'ai (Zhang Kai)
Dec 1742 - Mar 1743 K'a-erh-chi-shan (Kaerjishan)
zi: Tan-yüan, shi: Ch'uan-k'e
Mar 1743 - Jun 1745 Fan Ts'an (Fan Can)
Jun 1745 - Apr 1746 Chun-t'ai (Zhuntai)
Apr - May 1746 Wei Kuo-ting (Wei Guoding)
May 1746 - Sep 1747 P'an Szu-chü (Pan Siju) ...................... 1695-1752
zi: Ch'ia-fang, shi: Minhui
Sep 1747 - Apr 1749 Na'min (Namin)
Apr - Dec 1749 Wei Che-chih (Wei Zhenzhi) (1st Time)
Dec 1749 - Jul 1750 Tur-ping-a (Turbinga)
Jul - Nov 1750 Wei Che-chih (Wei Zhenzhi) (2nd Time)
Nov 1750 - Feb 1751 Ting Chang (Ding Zhang) ...................... 1705-1768
Feb - Mar 1751 Wei Che-chih (Wei Zhenzhi) (3rd Time)
Mar 1751 - Aug 1753 Chang Shih-tsai (Chang Shizai)
Aug 1753 - Oct 1754 Wei Che-chih (Wei Zhenzhi) (4th Time)
Oct 1754 - Nov 1755 O-lo-shun Emin (Oloshun) (=Elshun) ........... 17..-1756
zi: Tun-fu
Nov 1755 - Mar 1761 Kao Chin (Gao Jin) ........................... 1706-1779
zi: Ch'ao-t'e
Mar 1761 - Nov 1765 Tu-yun (Toyon)
Nov 1765 - Feb 1769 Feng Ch'ien (Feng Qian)
Feb - Jul 1769 Fu-ni-han (Funihan
Jul 1769 - Jul 1770 Hu Wen-po (Hu Wenbo) ......................... 1696-1778
Jul 1770 - May 1775 P'ei Tsung-hsi (Pei Zongxi) .................. 1712-1779
May 1775 - Mar 1776 Li Chih-ying (Li Zhiyang) .................... 1708-1794
zi: Kong-ch'e
Mar 1776 - Aug 1781 Min O-yüan (Min Eyuan)
Aug - Dec 1781 Nung-ch'i (Nongqi)
Dec 1781 - 26 Jun 1782 T'an Shang-chung (Tan Shangzhong) ............ 1724-1797
zi: Yin-hsia
Jun 1782 - Jun 1784 Fu Kung (Fu Gong)
Jun 1784 - Nov 1787 Shu-lin (Shulin) ............................. 1730-1801
zi: Fuz-ch'ia, shi: Wenqin
Nov 1787 - Dec 1789 Ch'en Yung-fu (Chen Yongfu) (1st Time)
zi: Cheng-yi
Dec 1789 - Feb 1790 Mu Ho-lin (Mu Helin) ......................... 1727-1796
zi: Ying-fu
Feb - Apr 1790 Fu Sung (Fu Song)
Apr - Jul 1790 Ho Yü-ch'eng (He Yucheng) .................... 1726-1790
Jul 1790 - May 1794 Chu Kuei (Zhu Gui) (1st Time) ................ 1731-1806
zi: Shih-chun shi: Wen Cheng
May - Oct 1794 Ch'en Yung-fu (Chen Yongfu) (2nd Time)
Oct 1794 - Apr 1795 Hui Ling ..................................... 1743-1804
zi: Chun-ting shi: Ch'in-hsiang
May - Jun 1796 Wang Hsin (Wang Xin)
zi: You-hsin shi: Chin-hsih
Jun - Aug 1796 Zhang Ch'eng-chi (Zhang Chengji) ............. 1741-1816
Aug - 1796 Chu Kuei (Zhu Gui) (2nd Time)
1796 - Aug 1799 Ch'en Yung-fu (Chen Yongfu) (3rd Time)
Aug 1799 - Oct 1801 Ching Tao-ch'ien (Jing Daoqian) .............. 1731-1802
Oct - Nov 1801 Ho Ning (He Ning)
Dec 1801 - Feb 1803 Wang Ju-pi (Wang Rubi) (1st Time) ............ 1741-1806
zi: Chen-cheh
Feb - Dec 1803 A-lin-pao (Alinbao) .......................... 17..-1810
zi: Yu-chuang, shi: Ching-min
Dec 1803 - Dec 1804 Wang Ju-pi (Wang Rubi) (2nd Time)
Dec 1804 - Nov 1805 Ch'eng Ning (Cheng Ning) ..................... 1758-1838
zi: Mao-ting shi: Wen-hsiang
Sep 1805 - May 1807 Ch'u P'eng-ling (Chu Pengling) ............... 1749-1825
zi: Yi-yüan
May 1807 - Mar 1810 Tung Chia-tseng (Dong Jiaozeng) .............. 1750-1822
zi: Yi-fu shi: Wen-keh
Mar 1810 - Jul 1811 Kuang-ho (Guanghou)
Jul 1811 - Aug 1812 Ch'ien K'ai (Qian Kai) ....................... 1760-1812
zi: Pei shan
Aug 1812 - Apr 1816 Hu K'o-chia (Hu Kejia) ....................... 1757-1816
Apr 1816 - Apr 1819 K'ang Shao-yung (Kang Shaoyong) .............. 1770-1834
zi: Lan-kao/Po-nan
Apr 1819 - Apr 1820 Yao Tsu-t'ung (Yao Zutong) ................... 1761-1842
Apr - Dec 1820 Wu Pang-ch'ing (Wu Bangqing) ................. 1768-1848
zi: Chi-feng
Dec 1820 - Jun 1821 Li Hung-pin (Li Hongbin) ..................... 1767-1846
zi: Hsiang-shan
Jun - Aug 1821 Sun Erh-chun (Sun Erzhun) (1st Time) ......... 1772-1832
zi: Pingshu, shi: Wen Ch'ing
Aug - Oct 1821 Chang Shih-ch'eng (Zhang Shihcheng) (1st Time) 1762-1830
zi: Hsin-yu
Oct 1821 - 1823 Sun Erh-chun (Sun Erzhun) (2nd Time)
1823 - May 1825 Dao Shu (Tao Shu) ............................ 1779-1839
zi: Tz'u-lin/Jen-ch'iao shi: Wen-yi
May 1826 - Apr 1826 Chang Shih-ch'eng (Zhang Shihcheng) (2nd Time)
Apr 1826 - Aug 1835 Teng T'ing-chen (Deng Tingzhen) .............. 1776-1846
zi: Wei-ch'u
15 Oct 1835 - 17 Dec 1839 Sebsingge (Sebo Xinge) ....................... 1780-1839
zi: Hsiang-yüan
Dec 1839 - Nov 1843 Ch'eng Yu-ts'ai (Cheng Youcai) ............... 1789-1843
Nov 1843 - May 1851 Wang Chi (Wang Chih) ......................... 1781-1866
May 1851 - Jan 1853 Chiang Wen-ch'ing (Jiang Wenqing) ............ 1793-1853
zi: Weiting
Jan - Feb 1853 Chou T'ien-chüeh (Zhou Tianjue) .............. 1772-1853
zi: Jingxiu shi: Wenzhong
Feb - Sep 1853 Li Chia-tuan (Li Jiaduan)
zi: Jichen
Sep 1853 Liu Yü (Liu Yu)
Sep 1853 - Jan 1854 Chiang Chung-yüan (Jiang Zhongyuan) .......... 1812-1854
zi: Chang Ru
Jan 1854 - Jun 1858 Fu-chi (Fuji) ................................ 1811-1875
zi: Chun-ying
Jun 1858 - 1861 Weng T'ung-shu (Weng Tongshu) ................ 1810-1865
zi: Tzu Keng shi: Wen-chin
- Aug 1861 Li Hsü-i (Li Xuyi) (1st Time) ................ 1822-1863
zi: Hsi'an
Sep - Dec 1861 P'eng Yü (Peng Yu)
Jan 1862 - Apr 1863 Li Hsü-i (Li Xuyi) (2nd Time)
Apr - Oct 1863 T'ang Hsü-fang (Tang Xufang) ................. 1809-1876
Oct 1863 - Aug 1867 Ch'iao Sung-nien (Qiao Songnian) ............. 1815-1875
zi: Hechai shi: Chin-keh
Aug 1867 - Sep 1874 Ying-han (Yinghan) ........................... 1828-1876
zi: Hsi-lin
Sep 1874 - Jun 1884 Yü-lu (Yulu) ................................. 1844-1900
zi: Shou-shan/Tz'u-fu
Jun 1884 - May 1886 Wu Yüan-ping (Wu Yuanbing) ................... 1824-1886
May 1886 - Oct 1888 Ch'en I (Chen Yi) ............................ 1827-1890
zi: Liu-chou shi: Wen-keh
Oct 1888 - Apr 1894 Shen Ping-ch'eng (Shen Bingcheng) ............ 1823-1895
zi: Chong-fu
Apr - Jul 1894 Li Ping-ch'eng (Li Bingcheng) ................ 1830-1900
zi: Chian-tang
Jul 1894 - Jul 1896 Furun (Fu-jun)
Jul 1896 - Oct 1899 Teng Hua-hsi (Deng Huaxi) .................... 1826-1916
Oct 1899 - Oct 1901 Wang Chih-chün (Wang Zhichun) ................ 1842-1906
zi: Jue-tang
Oct 1901 - Aug 1903 Nie Chi-kuei (Nie Jingui) .................... 1855-1911
Aug 1903 - Feb 1906 Ch'eng-hsü (Chengxun) ........................ 1848-1915
Feb 1906 - 26 May 1907 En Ming ...................................... 1846-1907
zi: Hsin-fu shi: Zhongmin
May 1907 - May 1908 Hsü Feng (Xu Feng) ........................... 1842-1927
zi: Meng-hua
Jun 1908 - 28 Nov 1911 Chu Chia-pao (Zhu Jiabao) .................... 1860-1923
zi: Ching-tian (Jingtian)
Governors
1421 - 1424 Yang Mian
zi: Ts'ung-hsü
1424 - 14.. Hsü Chu (Xu Chu)
1436 - 1449 Chang Kai (Zhang Kai) ........................ 1399-1460
zi: Rie'an (Jie'an)
1457 - 14.. Teng Ch'ao (Teng Zhao)
zi: Ts'iming (Ziming)
1472 - 1474 Chang Hsü'an (Zhang Xuan)
zi: Ting-hsi (Tingxi)
1478 - 14.. K'ao Ming (Gao Ming) ......................... 1422-1485
zi: Shangda
1487 - 14.. Wang Ji ...................................... 1433-1503
zi: Shu-ch'i (Shuzhi)
1644 - 1646 Wu Chih-p'ing (Wu Zhiping) ................... 1599-1666
zi: P'ang-wei (Bangwei)
1647 - 1648 T'ung Kuo-nai (Tong Guonai)
zi: Huai-dong (Huaidong)
1648 - 1653 Chang Hsüeh-sheng (Chang Xuesheng)
1653 - 1655 T'ung Kuo-ch'i (Tong Guoqi)
zi: Si-yüan (Siyuan)
1655 - 1656 I Yung-kuei (Yi Yonggui)
1656 - 1659 Liu Han-tso (Liu Hanzuo)
1659 - 1661 Hsü Yung-chen (Xu Yongzhen)
1661 - 1666 Hsü Shih-ch'ang (Xu Shichang)
zi: Chong-hsüan (Zhongxuan)
1666 - 1674 Liu Ping-cheng (Liu Bingzheng)
1674 - 1678 Yang Hsi (Yang Xi)
1678 - 1681 Wu Hsing-tso (Wu Xingzuo)
zi: Po'cheng (Bocheng)
1682 - 1683 Tung Kuo-hsing (Dong Guoxing)
1683 - 1686 Chin Hung (Jin Hong)
zi: Chih-kong (Zhigong)
1686 - 1690 Chang Chung-chü (Zhang Zhongju)
1690 - 1697 Pien Yung-yü (Bien Yongyu) .................. 1645-1712
zi: Hsian-ke (Xianke)
1697 - 1698 Kung Meng-jen (Gong Mengren) ................ 1623-1713
1698 - 1700 Chang Chih-tung (Zhang Zhidong) ............. 1648-1713
zi: Ch'ing-ch'ian (Qingqian)
1700 - 1704 Mei Ying
zi: E Chih (Erzhi)
1704 - 1707 Li Szu-i (Li Siyi) .......................... 1741-1707
zi: Chih-ch'un (Zhijun)
1707 - 1709 Chang Po-hsing (Zhang Boxing) ............... 1651-1725
zi: Hsiao-hsian (Xiaoxian) shi: Ching'ke (Qingke)
1709 - 1710 Hsü Szu-hsing (Xu Sixing)
1710 - 1711 Huang Ping-chung (Huang Bingzhong) .......... 1654-1718
1711 Ch'o-ch'i (=Coki) (Chuoqi)
1711 - 1715 Mao Pao (=Gioroi Mamboo) (Mao Bao) ......... 1673-1725
zi: Rue Luo
1715 - 24 Nov 1718 Ch'en Pin (Chen Bin) ........................ 1656-1718
zi: Wen Huan
1718 - 09 Aug 1722 Lu Yü-lung (Lu Youlong)
09 Aug 1722 - 1725 Huang Kuo-ts'ai (Huang Guocai)
1725 - 1726 Mao Wen-ch'uan (Mao Wenquan)
1726 - 1728 Ch'ang Lai (Chang Lai)
1728 Chu Kang (Zhu Gang)
zi: Ts'u-ts'ung (Zicong) shi: Ch'in-ke (Qinke)
1728 - 1730 Liu Shih-ming (Liu Shiming)
1730 - 1734 Chao Kou-lin (Zhao Guolin) .................. 1673-1751
zi: Jen-pu (Renbu)
1734 - 1738 Lu Cho (Lu Zhuo) ............................ 1693-1767
zi: Kwang-ch'i (Guangzhi)
1738 - 1740 Wang Shih-jen (Wang Shiren) ................. 1686-1744
zi: Hsian-i (Xianyi)
1740 - 1742 Wang Shu
zi: Chon-kan (Zhongan)
1742 - 1743 Liu Yü-i (Liu Yuyi) ......................... 1675-1748
zi: Yu-ch'an (Yuzhan) shi: Wen'ke
1743 Sun Chia-kan (Sun Jiagan) ................... 1683-1743
zi: Hsi-kung shi: Wen-t'ing (Wending)
1743 - 1746 Chou Hsing-chien (Zhuo Xingjian)
zi: Wu-y-i (Wuyi)
1746 - 1747 Ch'en Ta-shou (Chen Dashou)
zi: Chan-hsian (Zhanxian) shi: Wensu
1747 - 1752 P'an Szu-chü (Pan Siju) ..................... 1695-1752
zi: Chie'fang (Jiefang) shi: Minhui
1752 - 1754 Ch'en Hung-mou (Chen Hongmou) ............... 1696-1771
zi: Ju-ts'i (Ruzi) shi: Wen Gong
1754 - 1758 Chung Yin (Zhong Yin) (1st Time)
zi: Wei-ch'uang (Weizhuang) shi: Wen-ke
1758 Chou Wan (Zhou Wan)
1758 - 1761 Wu Shih-kung (Wu Shigong) ................... 1699-1765
zi: Weiliang
1761 - 1766 Ting Chang (Ding Zhang) ..................... 1705-1768
1766 Li Yin-p'ei (Li Yinpei) ..................... 1717-1767
zi: Hefeng
1766 - 1767 Chuang Yu-kung (Zhuang Yougong) ............. 1713-1767
zi: Rong-ke
1767 - 1768 Ts'ui Ying-chieh (Cui Yingjie) .............. 1699-1780
zi: Ch'i-sheng (Risheng)
1768 Fu-ni-han (Funihan)
1768 O Pao (E Bao) (=Oboo)
1768 - 1769 O Ning (E Ning (=Oning) ..................... 1726-1770
1769 - 1770 Wen Fu
zi: Lusui
1770 - 1771 Chung Yin (Zhong Yin) (2nd Time)
1771 - 1776 Yü Wen-i (Yu Wenyi) ......................... 1705-1782
zi: Shuzi
1776 - 1778 Te-pao (Debao) .............................. 1719-1789
zi: Ting-pu (Dingpu) shi: Wen Chuang (Wenzhuang)
1778 - 1779 Huang Chien (Huang Jian)
1779 Tseng Fu (Zeng Fu)
zi: Lu'an
1779 - 1781 Fu-tsu-na (Fuzuna) .......................... 1737-1800
1781 - 1782 Yang Kuei (Yang Kui)
zi: Mei-ts'un (Meicun)
1782 - 1785 Ya-te (Yade)
07 Aug 1785 - 06 Dec 1790 Hsü Szu-tseng (Xu Sizeng) ................... 17..-1790
zi: Wandong
1790 - 1795 P'u Lin
1795 - 1797 Yao Fen
zi: Hsiang-ts'u (Xiangci)
1797 T'ien Feng-i (Tian Fengyi)
1797 Fei Ch'un (Fei Chun) ........................ 1739-1811
zi: Yun-pu shi: Wenke
1797 - 1801 Wang Chih-i (Wang Zhiyi) .................... 1743-18
1801 - 1806 Li Tien-t'u (Li Diantu) ..................... 1738-1812
1806 Wen Ch'eng-hui (Wen Chenghui) ............... 1754-1832
1806 - 1814 Chang Shih-ch'eng (Zhang Shicheng) .......... 1762-1830
zi: Hsin-yu (Xinyou)
1814 Chen Yü (Ch'en Yu) .......................... 17..-1823
zi: Li-fan
1814 - 1817 Wang Shao-lan (Wang Shaolan) ................ 1760-1835
zi: Wan-hsin (Wanxin)
1817 - 1819 Shih Chih-kuang (Shi Zhiguang) .............. 17..-1828
zi: Yu-ts'un (Yucun)
1819 Li Yao-tung (Li Yaodong) .................... 1753-1821
zi: T'ung-tz'ai (Dongcai)
1819 Wu Pang-ch'ing (Wu Bangqing) ................ 1768-1848
zi: Chih-feng (Jifeng)
1819 - 1820 Han K'o-chün (Han Kejun) (1st Time) ......... 1766-1840
1820 - 1822 Yan Chien (Yan Jien) ........................ 1757-1832
1822 - 1823 Yeh Shih-cho (Ye Shizhou) ................... 1752-1823
zi: Tz'i-yun (Ziyun)
1823 - 1825 Sun Erh-chu (Sun Erxhun) .................... 1772-1832
zi: Ping-shu (Pingshu) shi: Wen Ching
1825 - 1831 Han K'o-chün (2nd Time)
1831 - 1839 Wei Yüan-hung (Wei Yuanhong) ................ 1779-1854
zi: Shifu shi: Chin-keh (Qinke)
1839 - 1840 Wu Wen-jung (Wu Wenrong)
zi: Chen-fu (Zhenfu) shi: Wen-rie (Wen-Jie)
1840 - 1845 Liu Hung-kao (Liu Hongao) ................... 1778-1849
zi: Pei-ying (Peiying)
1845 Hui-ch'i (Huiji) ............................ 1778-1845
zi: Shi-tang
1845 Wu Ch'i-chün (Wu Qijun) ..................... 1789-1847
zi: (Ch'i-shen) Jishen
1845 - 1846 Cheng Tsu-che'n (Zheng Zuchen) .............. 1784-1851
zi: Mengbai
1846 - 1851 Hsü Chi-she (Xu Jishe) ...................... 1795-1873
zi: Sung Kan (Song Gan)
22 Jun 1851 - 15 Feb 1854 Wang I-te (Wang Yide) ....................... 1798-1861
zi: Shao-fu shi: Ching-yi (Ching Yi)
1854 - 1857 Lu Ch'üan-san (Lu Quansan)
1857 - 1859 Ch'ing Tuan (Qing Tuan)
1859 1860 Lo Tsun-tien (Luo Zundian) .................. 1798-1860
zi: Tan-ts'un (Dancun)
1860 - 1862 Jui Pin (Rui Bin) ........................... 1801-1862
zi: Chong-wen (Zhongwen)
1862 - 1866 Hsü Tsung-kan (Xu Zonggan) .................. 1796-1866
zi: Po-chen (Bochen)
1866 - 1867 Li Fu-t'ai (Li Futai)
1867 - 1870 Pian Pao-ti (Bien Baodi) .................... 1824-1893
zi: Songchen
1870 Ho Ching (He Jing) .......................... 1817-1888
zi: P'o-yü (Boyu)
1870 - 1875 Wang K'ai-t'ai (Wang Kaitai) ................ 1812-1875
zi: Yü-yü (Youyou) shi: Wen-chin (Wen Qin)
11 Dec 1875 - 30 Aug 1877 Ting Jih-ch'ang (Ding Richang) .............. 1823-1882
zi: Yü-sheng (Yusheng)
1878 Wu Tsan-ch'eng (Wu Zanchang) ................ 1823-1884
zi: Ts'un-fu (Cunfu)
1878 - 1879 Yü-k'uan (Yukuan) ........................... 1836-1902
zi: Tz'i-hu (Zihou)
1879 Li Ming-ch'i (Li Mingchi) ................... 1823-1886
1879 - 1881 Le Fan-ch'i (Le Fangqi) ..................... 1816-1880
zi: Wu-chi'u (Wujiu)
1881 - 1882 Ts'en Yü-ying (Cen Yuying) .................. 1829-1889
zi: Yan-ching (Yanqing) shi: Hsiang-chin (Xiangqin)
1882 - 1884 Chang Chao-tung (Zhang Zhaodong) ............ 1821-1887
zi: Yu-shan (Youshan)
29 Oct 1884 - 12 Oct 1885 Liu Ming-ch'uan (Liu Mingchuan) ............. 1836-1896
zi: Shengsan shi: Ch'uang-su (Zhuangsu)
12 Oct 1885 - 09 Nov 1911 The Viceroys of Minche
20 Apr 1907 Heilungkiang province created, part of the Three Northeastern Provinces
Governors
20 Apr - 1907 Tuan Chih-kuei (Duan Zhigui) ................ 1869-1925
zi: Hsian-yan (Xiangyan)
1907 - 1908 Ch'eng Te-ch'üan (Cheng Dequan) ............. 1860-1930
zi: Chun-ru
1908 - 1911 Chou Shu'mu (Zhou Shuno) .................... 1860-1925
zi: Shao-pu (Shaobu)
1911 - 1912 Sung Hsiao-lien (Song Xiaolian) ............. 1863-1926
zi: Chih-yüan (Zhiyuan)
Governors
1850 - 1851 Chiang Yu-yüan (Jiang Yuyuan)
shi: Chin-chian (Qinqian)
1851 - 1852 Li Yan
zi: Huiren shi: Kung-yi (Kongyi)
1852 Pai-kui (Baikui)
1852 Lu Yinggu (1st Time)
zi: Shujia
1852 (Borzigit) Ch'i-shan (Qishan)
zi: Ching'an (Jing'an) shi: Wen-chin (Wenqin)
1852 - 1853 Lu Yinggu (2nd Time)
1858 - 1858 Ying Kui (Yinggui)
zi: Xiang-yan (Hsiangyan) shi: Wen-chin (Wenqin)
1858 Cheng Ying-chuh (Zheng Yingqi) (1st Time)
1858 - 1859 Heng Fu
1859 - 1860 Cheng Ying-chuh (Zheng Yingqi) (2nd Time)
1860 Chiang Lian (Qiang Lian)
1860 Chieh Chen (Jia Zhen)
1860 - 1861 Huang Tzan-tang (Huang Zantang) ............. 1805-1869
zi: Hsin-nong (Xinnong)
1861 Yan Shusen
zi: Weichun
1861 - 1862 Cheng Yüanshen (Zheng Yuanshan)
1862 - 1865 Chang Chih-wan (Zhang Zhiwan) ............... 1811-1897
zi: Ts'u-ching (Ziqing) shi: Wen-t'a (Wenda)
1865 - 1866 Wu Changshou
1866 - 1871 Li Henian (1st Time) ........................ 1827-1890
zi: Tsih-heh (Zihe)
1871 - 1875 Chian Tingming (Qian Dingming) .............. 1824-1875
1875 Liu Chih-hsian (Liu Qixian) ................. 1815-1878
1875 - 1877 Li Chingao (Li Qingao) ...................... 1811-1889
1877 Li Henian (2nd Time)
1878 - 1881 Tu Tzong-ying (Du Zongying) ................. 1812-1894
1881 - 1883 Li Henian (3rd Time)
1883 Chueh Luo Ch'eng-fu (Jue Luo Chengfu) ....... 1834-1895
1883 - 1885 Lu Ch'uan-lin (Lu Chuanlin) ................. 1836-1910
zi: Jun-wan (Jun-wan)
1885 - 1887 P'ian Pao-ch'uan (Bian Baoquan) ............. 18..-1898
zi: Lian-hsuh (Lianxi)
1887 - 1890 Ni Wenwei ................................... 1823-1890
zi: P'ao-tsen (Baocen)
1890 - 1894 Yü K'uan (Yu Kuan) .......................... 1836-1902
zi: Tsih-hou (Zihou)
1894 - 1898 Liu Shutang (Wen Chi) ....................... 1831-1904
1898 - 1900 Yu-cho (Yucho)
1900 Ren T'ao-yong (Jen Daoyong) ................. 1823-1906
zi: Hsiao-yüan (Xiaoyuan)
1900 - 1901 Yu Yin-lin (Yu Yinlin) ...................... 1838-1904
zi: Yueting
1901 Sung Shou (Song Shou) ....................... 1849-1911
zi: Heling shi: Chung-ch'i (Zhongjie)
1901 - 1902 (Baiyuete) Hsih-liang (Xiliang) ............. 1853-1917
zi: Ching-pih (Qingbi)
1902 - 1903 Chang Ren-chun (Zhang Renjun) (1st Time) .... 1846-1927
zi: Chan-li (Qanli)
1903 - 1906 Chen Kui-long (Chen Kuilong) ................ 1857-1948
zi: Hsiao-shuh (Xiaoshi)
1906 Rui Liang ................................... 1862-1938
zi: Ting-chen (Dingchen)
1906 - 1907 Chang Ren-chun (2nd Time)
1907 Yüan Da-hua (Yuan Dahua) .................... 1851-1935
zi: Hsingnan (Xingnan)
1907 - 1908 Lin Shaoi-an (Lin Shaoian) .................. 1845-1916
zi: Tsan-yu (Zanyu)
1908 Chü Shou-yong (Zhu Shouyong)
1908 - 1910 Wu Chong-hsuh (Wu Chongxi) .................. 1838-1918
zi: Chong-yi (Zhongyi)
1910 - 1911 Pao-fen (Baofen) ............................ 1855-1913
1911 - 1912 Ch'i Yao-li (Qi Yaoli) ...................... 1862-1949
zi: Chen-yan
1368 - 1667 Kansu (Gansu) administrated by Shaanhsi
1667 - 1670 Named Kung-ch'ang (Gongchang)
1736 - 1759 Administered by Shaanhsi
1764 - 1912 Administered by Shan-Gan
Governors
1645 - 1646 Haung T'uan
1646 - 1647 Chou Po-t'a (Zhou Boda)
1647 - 1648 Chang Wen-heng (Zhang Wenheng)
1648 - 1656 Chou Wen-yeh (Zhou Wenye)
1656 - 1661 T'ung Yen-nien (Tong Yannian)
1661 - 1670 Liu Tou (Lio Dou)
1670 - 1677 Hua-shan (Huashan)
1677 - 1679 O-shan (Oshan)
1679 - 1683 Pa-szu (Basi)
1683 - 1688 Yeh Mu-chi (Ye Muji)
1688 - 1691 I-t'u (Yitu)
1691 - 1692 Pu-ch'a (Bucha)
1692 Wu Ho (Wu He)
1692 - 1695 Yen T'ai (Yan Tai)
1695 - 1696 Shu Shu
1696 - 1697 Kuo Hung (Guo Hong)
1697 - 1701 K'a-pai (Kabai)
1701 - 1708 Ch'i Shih-wu (Qi Shiwu) (=Cishiu)
1708 - 1710 Shu-t'u (Shutu)
1710 O Ch'i (E Qi)
1710 - 1714 Le-pai (Lebai)
1714 - 1719 Ch'o-ch'i (Chuoqi)
1719 - 1721 Hua-shan (Huashan)
1721 - 1723 Lu Hsün (Lu Xun)
1723 - 1724 Ch'o-ch'i (Chuoqi)
1724 - 1725 Hu Ch'i-heng (Hu Qiheng)
1725 - 1727 Shih Wen-tso (Shi Wenzhuo)
1727 - 1728 Mang-hu Li (Manghu Li)
1728 Liu Shih-ming (Liu Shiming)
1728 - 1736 Hsü Jung (Xu Rong)
1736 - 1737 Lu Yu-li (Lu Yuli)
1737 Te-pe'i (Depei)
1737 - 1741 Yüan Chan-ch'eng (Yuan Zhancheng)
1741 Ch'en Hong-mou (Chen Hengmou)
1741 - 1748 Huang T'ing-kuei (Huang Tinggui)
1748 Hu Pao (Hu Bao) (=Huboo)
1748 - 1751 O-ch'ang (Echang) (1st Time)
1751 - 1752 Yang Ying-chü (Yang Yingju) (1st Time)
1752 - 1754 O-lo-shun (Oloshun (=Eleshun)
1754 O-ch'ang (Echang) (2nd Time)
1754 Chen Hongmou
1754 - 1759 Wu Ta-shun (Wu Dashan)
1759 - 1760 Yang Ying-chü (Yang Yingju) (2nd Time)
1760 - 1762 Ming-te (Mingde)
1762 - 1763 Ch'ang Chun (Chang Chun)
1763 - 1764 Yang Ying-chü (Yang Yingju) (3rd Time)
1764 - 1912 The Viceroys of Shaan-Kan
1421 - 1644 Nan-chih-li (Nanzhili) South Zhili) province (Kiangsu and Anhwei)
1644 Renamed Kiangnan (Jiangnan)
1647 Part of the Viceroyalty of Liangkiang
1667 Anhwei separated from Kiangnan province
1686 Kiangsu province
05 Nov 1911 Declared independent of the Qing Empire
30 Nov 1911 Under republican control
Governors
1645 - 1647 T'u Kuo-pao (Tu Guobao) (1st Time)
1647 - 1648 Chou Po-ta (Zhou Boda)
1648 - 1651 T'u Kuo-pao (Tu Guobao) (2nd Time)
1651 - 1654 Chou Kuo-tso (Chou Guozuo)
1654 - 1659 Chang Chung-yüan (Zhang Zhongyuan)
1659 - 1660 Chiang Kuo-chih (Zhu Guozhu)
1660 - 1661 Chu Kuo-chih (Zhu Guozhi)
1661 - 1669 Han Shih-ch'i (Han Shiqi)
1669 - 1676 Ma Hu (=Mahu) ............................... 1628-1676
1676 - 1681 Mu T'ien-yen (Mu Tianyan) ................... 1631-1696
zi: Kong-chie (Gongjie)
1681 - 1684 Yu Kuo-chu (Yu Guozhu)
zi: Liangshi
1684 Wang Hsin-ming (Wang Xinming)
1684 - 1686 T'ang Pin (Tang Bin) ........................ 1627-1687
zi: K'ung-po (Kongbo) shi: Wen-cheng (Wenzheng)
1686 - 1687 Chao Shih-lin (Zhao Chilin) ................. 1629-1698
1687 - 1688 T'ien Wen (Tian Wen) ........................ 1635-1704
zi: Tz'i-lun
1688 - 1690 Hung Chih-chieh (Hong Zhijie)
1690 - 1692 Cheng Tuan (Zheng Duan) ..................... 1739-1692
zi: Si-ch'i (Sizhi) shi: T'uan-ch'ing (Duanching)
1692 - 1705 Sung Nao (Song Nao) ......................... 1634-1714
zi: Mu-chung (Muzhong)
1705 - 1709 Yü Chun (Yu Zhun)
1709 - 1715 Chang Po-hsing (Zhang Boxing) ............... 1651-1725
zi: Hsiao-hsian (Xiaoxian) shi: Ching'ke (Qingke)
1715 - 1723 Wu Ts'un-li (Wu Cunli)
zi: Chian-chih (Qianzhi)
1723 - 1725 Ho T'ien-p'ei (Ho Tianpei)
1725 - 1726 Chang Kai (Zhang Kai)
1726 - 1728 Ch'en Shia-hsia (Chen Shixia)
1728 Chang T'an-li (Zhang Tanli) ................. 1677-1750
1728 - 1729 Yi Chi-shan (Yi Jishan) ..................... 1694-1771
1729 Eang Chi (Wang Ji)
1729 - 1731 P'eng Wei-hsin (Peng Weixin) ................ 1679-1769
zi: Chao-chou (Zhaozhou)
1731 Wang Kuo-tung (Wang Guodong)
1731 - 1733 Ch'iao Shih-ch'en (Qiao Shichen)
zi: Dan-kuei
1733 - 1736 Kao Ch'i-cho (Gao Qizhuo) ................... 1676-1738
zi: Chang-chih (Zhangzhi) shi: Wen-liang
1736 - 1737 Shao Chi (Shao Ji) .......................... 1693-1743
zi: Hsueh-chih (Xuezhi)
1737 - 1738 Yang Yung-pin (Yang Yongbin)
1738 - 1739 Hsü Jung (Xu Rong)
1739 - 1740 Chang Ch'ü (Zhang Qu)
1740 - 1741 Hsü Shih-lin (Xu Shilin) .................... 1684-1741
1740 - 1746 Ch'en Ta-shou (Chen Dashou)
zi: Chan-hsian (Zhanxian) shi: Wensu
1746 - 1748 An-ning (Anning)
1748 Eh-ch'ang (Echang) .......................... 1691-1755
1748 - 1750 Chüeh-lo Ya-erh-a-shan (Jueluo Yaerhashan)
1750 - 1751 Wang Shih (Wang Shi)
zi: Chen-fu (Zhenfu)
1751 - 1756 Chuang Yü-kung (Zhuang Yougang) (1st Time) .. 1713-1767
zi: Jon-keh (Ronke)
1756 - 1757 Niu Hu-lu (=Abida)
1757 Ch'en Hung-mou (Chen Hongmou) (1st Time) .... 1696-1771
1757 - 1758 Tu-en-to (Toentu) (Tondo) ................... 1704-1780
zi: Chan-tang (Zhantang)
1758 Chuang Yü-kung (2nd Time)
1758 - 1762 Ch'en Hung-mou (2nd Time)
1762 - 1765 Chuang Yü-kung (3rd Time)
1765 - 1768 Ming-te (Mingde) (1st Time)
1768 - 1769 Chang Pao (Zhang Bao)
1769 Ming-te (2nd Time)
1769 - 1770 Yung-te (Yongde)
1770 - 1776 Sa Tsai (Sa Zai)
zi: Hou'an shi: Chen-keh
1776 - 1780 Yang K'uei (Yang Kui)
1780 Wu T'an (Wu Tan) ............................ 1724-1748
1780 - 1790 Min E-yüan (Min Eyuan)
1790 Fu Sung (Fu Song)
1790 - 1792 Ch'ang-lin (Changlin) ....................... 1748-1811
zi: Mu'an
1792 - 1795 Ch'i-fen-ko (Qifenge) ....................... 1745-1806
zi: Lichuan
1795 - 1797 Fei Ch'un (Fei Chun) (1st Time) ............. 1739-1811
zi: Yun-pü (Yunpu)
1797 K'ang Chi-t'ien (Kang Jitian) ............... 1732-1813
zi: Mao-yüan (Maoyuan)
1797 - 1799 Fei Ch'un (2nd Time)
1799 I-hsing (Yixing)
1799 - 1803 Yüeh Ch'i (Yue Qi) .......................... 1750-1813
zi: Hsiao-ying (Xiaoying)
1803 - 1806 Wang Chih-i (Wang Zhili) .................... 1743-1818
1806 - 1809 Wang Jig-chang (Wang Rizhang)
1809 Chiang Yü-k'eng (Jiang Youkeng) ............. 1766-1830
zi: Ying-fang
1809 - 1812 Chang Hsü (Zhang Xu) ........................ 1745-1824
zi: Yao-ch'ing (Yaoqing) shi: Wen-chien (Wenjian)
1812 - 1814 Chu Li (Zhu Li) ............................. 1761-1819
zi: Shie-chen (Xiechen)
1814 - 1816 Chang Shih-ch'eng (Zhang Shicheng) .......... 1762-1830
zi: Hsin-you (Xinyou) shi: Lan-chu (Lanzhu)
1816 Hu K'o-chia (Hu Kejia) ...................... 1757-1816
zi: Chan-meng (Zhanmeng)
1816 Li Yao-tung (Li Yaodong) .................... 1753-1821
zi: T'ung-ts'ai (Doncai)
1816 - 1820 Ch'en Kuei-sheng (Chen Guisheng) ............ 1767-1840
1820 - 1822 We Yüan-yü (Wei Yuanyu) ..................... 17..-1825
zi: Sheng-chih (Shengzhi)
1822 - 1824 Han Wen-ch'i (Han Wenqi)
1824 - 1825 Chang Shih-ch'eng (2nd Time)
1825 - 1830 T'ao Shu (Tao Shu) .......................... 1779-1839
zi: Ts'ih-li (Zili) shi: Wenyi
1830 - 1831 Lu K'un (Lu Kun) ............................ 1772-1835
zi: Ching-chih (Jinhzhi) shi: Minsu
11 Jan 1831 - 19 Mar 1832 Ch'eng Tsu-lo (Cheng Zuluo) ................. 17..-1848
zi: Wen-yüan (Wenyuan) shi: Chian-ching (Jianjing)
1832 - 183. Lin Tse-hsü (Lin Zexu) ...................... 1785-1850
zi: Shaomu shi: Wen-ch'ung (Wen Zhong)
1837 - 1839 Ch'en Luan (Chen Luan) ...................... 1786-1839
zi: Ch'ung-heh (Zhonghe)
1839 - 1841 Yü Ch'ien (Yu Qian) (=Ioikiyan) ............. 1793-1841
zi: Lushan shi: Ching-chie (Jingjie)
1841 Liang Chang-chü (Liang Zhangju) ............. 1775-1849
zi: Hung-ch'ung (Hongchong)
1841 - 1842 Ch'eng Yen-ts'ai (Cheng Yancai) ............. 1783-1858
zi: Hsin-sheng (Xinsheng)
1842 - 1845 Sun Shan-pao (Sun Shanbao) .................. 1772-1853
1845 - 1846 Li Hsiang-yüan (Li Xingyuan) ................ 1797-1851
zi: Ts'ih-hsiang (Zixiang) shi: Wen-kong (Wengong)
1846 - 1849 Lu Chien-ying (Lu Jianying) ................. 1792-1853
zi: Lifu
1849 - 1851 Fu Sheng-hsün (Fu Shengxun) ................. 1793-1865
zi: Chie-wu (Jiewu)
1851 - 1853 Yang Wen-tiang (Yang Wending)
1853 - 1854 Hsü Nai-chao (Xu Naizhao) ................... 1799-1878
zi: Chen-heng (Zhenheng)
1854 - 1856 Chi-er-han-ka (Ji'erhanga) (=Jirhagga) ...... 1792-1856
zi: Yushan shi: Yong-lie
1856 - 1858 Chao Te-che (Zhao Dezhe) .................... 1812-1874
zi: Ching-shan (Jingshan)
1858 - 1860 Hsü Yu-jen (Xu Youren) ...................... 1800-1860
zi: Chun-ching (Junqing) shi: Ch'uang Min (Zhuang Min)
1860 - 1862 Hsüeh Huan (Xue Huan) ....................... 1815-1880
zi: Chin-tang (Jintang)
1862 - 1867 Li Hung-chang (Li Hanzhang) ................. 1823-1901
zi: Ts'i-fu (Zifu) shi: Wen-chong (Wenzhong)
1867 Kuo Pu-yin (Guo Boyin) ...................... 1807-1884
zi: Yüan-tang
1867 Li Han-chang (Li Hanzhang) .................. 1821-1899
zi: Hsiao-ch'uan (Xianquan) shi: Chin-keh (Qinke)
1867 - 1870 Ting Jih-ch'ang (Zhang Zhiwan) .............. 1823-1882
zi: Yu-sheng (Yusheng)
1870 - 1871 Chang Chih-wan (Zhang Zhiwan) ............... 1811-1897
zi: Ts'u-ching (Ziqing) shi: Wen-t'a (Wenda)
1871 - 1873 Ho Ching (Ho Jing) .......................... 1817-1888
1873 - 1874 Chang Shu-sheng (Zhang Shusheng)
zi: Chen-hsuan (Zhenxuan) shi: Ching-da (Jingda)
1874 - 1881 Wu Yüan-ping (Wu Yuanbing) .................. 1824-1886
1881 Li P'ei-ching (Li Peijing) .................. 1826-1882
zi: Kaigu shi: Wensu
1881 - 1886 Wu Jung-kuang (Wu Rongguang) ................ 1826-1892
zi: Ching-lan (Jinglan)
1886 - 1888 Sung Chün (Song Jun) ........................ 18..-1891
1888 - 1892 Kang-i (Gangyi) ............................. 1837-1900
zi: Ts'u-liang (Ziliang)
1892 - 1895 K'uei Chün (Kui Jun) (1st Time) ............. 1841-1916
zi: Le-feng
1895 - 1897 Chao Shu-ch'iao (Zhao Shuqiao) .............. 1848-1901
zi: Chan-cu (Zhanru)
1897 - 1898 K'uei Chün (Kui Jun) (2nd Time)
1898 - 1899 Keng Te-shou (Geng Deshou) .................. 1837-1903
zi: Chingshan (Jingshan)
1899 - 1900 Lu Ch'uan-lin (Lu Chuanlin) ................. 1836-1910
zi: Runwan
1900 - 1901 Sung-shou (Songshou) ........................ 1849-1911
zi: Heling shi: Ch'ung-chieh (Zhongjie)
1901 Nieh Ch'i-ch'ang (Nie Jichang) .............. 1855-1911
zi: Ch'ung-fang (Zongfang)
1901 - 1904 En-shou (Enshou) ............................ 1849-1911
zi: Yi-tang (Yitang)
1904 Tuan-fang (Duanfang) ........................ 1861-1911
zi: Wu-ch'iao (Wuqiao) shi: Ch'ung-min (Zhongmin)
1904 - 1906 Lu Yüan-ting (Lu Yuanding) .................. 1839-1910
zi: Ch'un-chiang (Chunjiang)
1906 - 1907 Ch'en K'uei-lung (Chen Kuilong) ............. 1857-1948
1907 Chang Tseng-hsiao (Zhang Zengxiao) .......... 1852-1920
zi: Hsiao-fan (Xiaofan)
1907 - 1909 Ch'en Ch'i-t'ai (Chen Qitai) ................ 1847-1909
1909 Jui Ch'an (Rui Chan) ........................ 1863-1915
zi: Hsin-ju (Xinru)
1909 - 1910 Pao-fen (Baofen) ............................ 1856-1913
1910 - 05 Nov 1911 Ch'eng Te-ch'üan (Chen Dequan) .............. 1860-1930
zi: Chun-ju (Chunru)
1430 Kiangsi (Jiangsi) province
19 Aug 1647 - 30 Sep 1649 Under Kiangnan Viceroyalty
01 Oct 1649 - 02 Nov 1661 Under Liangkiang Viceroyalty
04 Jul 1665 - 23 Oct 1911 Under Liangkiang Viceroyalty
23 Oct 1911 Independence declared from Qing Empire
Viceroy of Kiangsi
02 Nov 1661 - 04 Jul 1665 Chang Ch'ao-lin (Zhang Chaolin) ............. 1609-1676
Governors
1430 - 1433 Chia Liang (Jia Liang) ...................... 1382-1433
zi: Ts'i-hsin (Zilin)
1433 - 1439 Chao Hsin (Zhao Xin)
1645 - 1646 Li Hsiang-feng (Li Xiangfeng) ............... 1595-1646
1646 - 1648 Chang Yü-tien (Zhang Yutian)
zi: Yunhan
1648 - 1650 Chu Yang-ch'ing (Zhu Yangching) ............. 1597-1650
1651 - 1652 Hsia I'e (Xia Yi'e) ......................... 1603-1652
1656 - 1661 Chang Ch'ao-lin (Zhang Chaolin) ............. s.a
1661 - 1674 Tung Wei-kuo (Dong Weiguo) .................. 1615-1683
1674 - 1675 Pai-se Chün (Baise Chun) .................... 1627-1675
1675 Lang T'ing-hsiang (Lang Tingxiang) .......... 1617-1688
zi: Chun-heng (Junheng)
1675 - 1679 Tung Kuo-chen (Dong Guozhen) ................ 1625-1708
1679 - 1681 An Shih-ding (An Shiding) (1st Time) ........ 1623-1696
1681 Liu Ju-han (Liu Ruhan) ...................... 1625-1682
zi: Shuangshan
1681 Li Shih-chen (Li Shizhen) ................... 1619-1695
1681 - 1683 T'ung K'ang-nien (Tung Kangnian) ............ 1618-1683
1683 - 1687 An Shih-ding (An Shiding) (2nd Time)
1687 - 1688 Wang Kun .................................... 1614-1695
1688 - 1692 Sung Nao (Song Nao) ......................... 1634-1713
zi: Mu-chung (Muzhong)
1692 - 1701 Ma Ju-long (Ma Rulong) ...................... 1627-1701
zi: Chi'an-wu (Jianwu)
1802 Chiang Sheng (Jiang Sheng) .................. 1730-1810
zi: Kuang-yu
1803 - 1805 Ch'in Ch'eng-en (Qin Chengen) ............... 1727-1809
zi: Chih Hsuan (Zhixuan)
1805 Ch'ing An-t'ai (Qing Antai) (=Cinggantai) ... 1746-1809
1805 - 1806 Wen Ch'eng-hui (Wen Chenghui) ............... 1755-1832
1806 Li Tien-t'u (Li Diantu) ..................... 1738-1812
1806 Ching An (Jing An) .......................... 1744-1823
1806 Chang Shih-ch'eng (Zhang Shicheng) .......... 1762-1830
1806 - 1808 Chin Kuang-ti (Jin Guangti) ................. 1747-1813
zi: Rugong
1809 Chi Lun (Ji Lun) (=Jirun) ................... 1750-1826
1809 - 1814 Hsien-fu (Xianfu) ........................... 1748-1821
1814 - 1816 Chüan Yüan (Ruan Yuan) ...................... 1764-1849
zi: Po-yüan (Boyuan) shi: Wenda)
1816 - 1820 Ch'ien Chen (Qien Zhen) ..................... 1754-1839
1820 - 1821 Yü-pi (Yubi) ................................ 1764-1821
1821 Ch'iu Shu-t'ang (Qiu Zhen) .................. 1776-1831
1821 - 1822 Li Yü-tai (Li Yudai) (=Iodai) (1st Time) .... 1767-1825
1822 Teng T'ing-chen) (Deng Tingzhen) ............ 1775-1846
1822 - 1823 A-lin (Alin) ................................ 1754-1826
1823 - 1824 Ch'eng Han-chang (Cheng Hanzhang) ........... 1762-1832
1824 Sung-p'u (Songpu) ........................... 1784-1846
zi: Manshi
1824 Li Yü-tai (2nd Time)
1824 - 1825 Ch'eng-ko (Chengge) (=Cengge) ............... 1769-1838
1825 Wu-long-a (Wulonga) (=Ulungga) .............. 1776-1831
zi: Junting
1825 - 1829 Han Wen-ch'i (Han Wenqi) .................... 1764-1841
1829 - 1831 Wu Kuang-yüeh (Wu Guangyu) .................. 1759-1831
zi: Hsing-yi (Xingyi)
1831 - 1832 Wu Pang-ch'ing (Wu Bang1ing) ................ 1768-1848
zi: Jifeng
1832 - 1834 Chou Chih-ch'i (Zhou Zhiqi) ................. 1782-1862
zi: Chih-ch'ui (Zhiqui)
1834 - 1836 Kuei-liang (Guiliang) ....................... 1785-1862
zi: Yanshan shi: Wen-tuan
1836 - 1837 Ch'en Luan (Qen Luan) ....................... 1786-1840
zi: Chong-he (Zhonghe)
1837 - 1838 Yü-t'ai (Yutai) ............................. 1788-1851
zi: T'ung-yan (Dongyan) shi: Chuangyi
1838 Chao Ping-yen (Zhao Bingyen) ................ 1792-1849
1838 - 1841 Ch'ien Pao-ch'en (Qian Baoqen) .............. 1785-1859
zi: Chu-yü (Chuyu)
1841 - 1848 Wu Wen-jung (Wu Wenrong) .................... 1792-1848
zi: Chen-fu (Zhenfu)
1848 Fei K'ai-shou (Fei Kaishou) (1st Time) ...... 1794-1850
1848 - 1849 Fu Sheng-hsün (Fu Shengxun) ................. 1793-1865
zi: Ch'ie-wu (Jiewu)
1849 - 1850 Fei K'ai-shou (Fei Kaishou) (2nd Time)
1850 Lu Yüan-hung (Lu Yuanhong) (1st Time) ....... 1789-1860
1850 - 1851 Ch'en Ch'i-an (Chen Qian) ................... 1808-1870
1851 Lu Ying-ku (Lu Yinggu) ...................... 1804-1857
zi: Shujia
1851 - 1852 Wang Chih (Wang Zhih) ....................... 1792-1852
1852 Lo Jao-tien (Luo Raodian) ................... 1793-1854
1852 Lu Yüan-hung (2nd Time)
1852 - 1854 Chang Fy (Zhang Fu) ......................... 1814-1862
zi: Hsiao-pu (Xiaopu) shi: Wenyi
1854 - 1855 Ch'en Ch'i-mai (Chen Qimai) ................. 1796-1862
zi: Zigao
1855 - 1857 Wang Chün (Wangjun) ......................... 1799-1865
1857 - 1859 Chüeh-lo Chi'i-ling (Jueluo Qiling) ......... 1804-1863
zi: Chiu-feng (Jiufeng) shi: Keshen
1859 - 1860 Yün Kuang-ch'en (Yun Guangchen) ............. 1812-1860
zi: Junsheng
1860 - 1861 Yu-k'o (=Ioike) (Yuke) ...................... 1814-1865
zi: You-ping
1861 - 1862 Li Huan ..................................... 1827-1891
1862 - 1865 Shen Pao-chen (Shen Baozhen) ................ 1820-1879
zi: Chen-tz'ung (Zhenzong) shi: Wensu
1865 Sun Chang-fu (Sun Changfu) .................. 1823-1868
zi: Chicheng
1865 - 1874 Liu K'un-i (Liu Kunyi) ...................... 1830-1902
zi: Hsian-chuang (Xianzhuang) shi: Chung-chung
1874 - 1878 Liu Ping-chang (Liu Bingzhang) .............. 1826-1905
zi: Chung-liang (Zhongliang) shi: Wen-chuang (Wenzhuang)
1878 - 1882 Li Wen-min (Li Wenmin) ...................... 1817-1890
1882 - 1884 P'an Chi (Pan Ji) ........................... 1816-1894
1884 Liu Jui-fen (Liu Ruifen) .................... 1827-1892
zi: Chi-tian (Zhitian)
1884 - 1895 Te-hsin (Dexin) ............................. 1828-1895
1895 - 1898 Keng Te-shou (Geng Deshou) .................. 1830-1903
1898 Wang Tsen-kuei (Weng Zenggui) ............... 1837-1905
1898 - 1900 Sung Shou (Song Shou) ....................... 1849-1911
zi: Heling shi: Chung-ch'i (Zhongjie)
1900 Ching Hsing (Ching Xing) .................... 1848-1910
zi: Yun-po (Yunbo)
1900 - 1901 Chang Shao-hua (Zhang Shaohua) .............. 1836-1909
zi: Hsiao-chuan (Xiaochuan)
1901 - 1902 Li Hsing-jui (Li Xingrui) ................... 1827-1904
zi: Mianli
1902 - 1903 K'o Feng-shih (Ke Fengshi) .................. 1845-1912
zi: Mao-shiu (Maoxiu)
1903 - 1904 Hsia Yang (Xia Yang) ........................ 1839-1906
1904 Sheng Yün ................................... 1858-1931
zi: Jifu shi: Wen-chung (Wenzhong)
1904 Chou Hao (Zhou Hao) ......................... 1838-1919
1904 - 1906 Hu T'ing-kan (Hu Tinggan) ................... 1841-1906
zi: Ting-chen (Dingchen)
1906 Wu Chung-hsi (Wu Chongxi) ................... 1838-1918
zi: Chung-yi
1906 - 1908 Jui-liang (Ruiliang) ........................ 1862-1938
zi: Ting-chen (Dingchen)
1907 Shen Yü-ch'ing (Shen Yuqing) ................ 1858-1918
zi: Chih-yü (Zhiyu) shi: Jingyu
(acting)
1908 - 1911 Feng Ru-kui (Feng Rukui) .................... 1863-1911
zi: Hsing-yan (Xingyan) shi: Chung-min (Zhongmin)
Aug 1908 Jilin province created (previously part of Manchuria)
09 Mar 1932 - 15 Aug 1945 Part of Japanese administered Manchukuo
Governors
20 Apr 1907 - 09 Sep 1908 Chu Chia-pao (Zhu Jiabao)
(did not take office)
09 Sep 1908 - 13 Jun 1913 Ch'en Chao-ch'eng (Chen Zhaochang) ........... 1867-1914
(for the republic from 15 Mar 1912)
1758 Sinkiang made a Chinese province,
divided into Pei Lui and Nan Lu
1864 - 1877 Kashgaria independent
19 Nov 1884 Sinkiang province created
Governors
19 Nov 1884 - 1889 Liu Chin-t'ang (Liu Jintang) ................. 1844-1894
1889 - 1890 Wei Kuang-to (Wei Guangdo) ................... 1837-1916
1890 - 1891 Liu Chin-t'ang (2nd Time)
1891 - 1896 Tao Mo (Dao Mo) .............................. 1835-1902
1896 - 1902 Jao Ying-ch'i (Yao Yingqi) ................... 1837-1903
1903 - 1905 P'an Hsiao-su (Pan Xiaonsu) .................. 1838-1913
1905 - 1910 Lien K'uei (Lian Kui) ........................ 1849-19..
1905 - 1906 Wu Yin-sun (Wu Yinsun) ....................... 1848-1917
(acting for Kui)
1910 Ho Yen-sheng (He Yensheng) ................... 1860-1910
1910 - 1912 Yüan Ta-hua (Yuan Dahua) ..................... 1851-1935
1666 United with Shensi (Shaanxi)
1672 - 1749 Administered by Shenchuan (Shenzhuan)
1749 - 1911 Part of Shan-Gan
29 Oct - 30 Nov 1911 Independence declared from Qing empire
Governors
1636 - 1639 Lu Wua
08 Aug 1644 - 07 Mar 1645 Wu Tzu-chang (Chang Wu)
07 Mar - 11 Nov 1645 Le Chien (Lee Jian)
22 Nov 1645 - 19 Aug 1647 Ma Kuo-kuei (Ma Guogui)
19 Aug 1647 - 03 Apr 1648 Shen Ch'ao (Shen Chao)
18 Apr 1648 - 06 Feb 1649 Keng Ch'un (Geng Chun)
08 Feb 1649 - 27 Mar 1654 T'ung Yang-ling (Tong Yangling)
08 Apr 1654 Ma Ming-p'ei (Ma Mingpei)
Oct 1654 - 08 Apr 1656 Ma Chih-hsien (Ma Zhixian)
13 Jun 1656 - 24 Feb 1657 Chang Hsü'an-tin (Zhang Xuan Tin)
01 Mar 1657 - 12 Aug 1658 Lu Ch'ung-chü (Lu Chongjun)
1661 - 1662 Hsü Tse-fu (Zu Zefu)
1662 - 1663 Chao Kuo-hsü (Zhao Guozu)
1663 - 1666 Pai P'ing-chen (Bai Bingzhen)
1666 - 1672 The governors of Shensi
1672 - 1749 The Governors of Shenchuan
1749 - 1911 The Governors of Shaan-Gan
01 Feb 1662 Independent Kingdom of Tongtu (loyal to the deposed Ming dynasty)
27 Sep 1683 Occupied by Qing Empire (annexed 27 May 1684)
27 May 1684 Part of Fukien (Fujian) province
26 May - 30 Jul 1721 Rebellion against Qing Dynasty
Dec 1786 - 10 Feb 1788 Rebellion against Qing Dynasty
01 Oct 1884 - Jul 1885 French occupation
Dec 1885 Province of Taiwan
08 May 1895 Ceded to Japan by Treaty of Shimonoseki
02 Jun 1895 - 25 Oct 1945 Annexed by Japanese Empire
Prefects appointed by Tongtu Kingdom
1661 Chao-Tung Yang
1661 - 1662 Zheng Inguo
1662 - 1664 Gu Reng
1664 Wengtian You
Circuit Prefects (subordinated to the Viceroys of Fukien)
1684 - 1687 Chou Ch'ang (Zhou Chang)
1687 - 1691 Wang Hsiao-tsung (Wang Xiaozong)
1691 - 1696 Kao Kung-kan (Gao Gonggan)
1696 - 1699 Ch'ang Chang-yü (Chang Guangyu)
1699 - 1704 Wang Chih-lin (Wang Zhilin)
1704 - 1710 Wang Min-cheng (Wang Minzheng)
1710 Chou Yüan-wen (Zhou Yuanwen)
1710 - 1715 Ch'en Pin (Chen Bin) .................... 1656-1718
1715 - 1717 Liang Wen-k'e (Liang Wenke)
1717 - 1718 Wang Chen (Wang Zhen)
1718 - 1721 Liang Wen-hsüan (Liang Wenxuan)
Administrators
1721 - 1722 Wudali
1722 - 1723 Huang Shujing
1723 - 1724 Shan Jibu
1724 - 1725 Jing Kaoxiang
1725 Wang Jijing
1725 - 1726 Suolin
1726 - 1727 Yin Qin
1727 Hesuse
1727 - 1729 Xia Zhifang
1729 Xideshen
1729 Li Yuanshi
1729 - 1731 Gao Shan
1731 - 1732 Jueluobiaiyou
1732 - 1733 Lin Tianmu
1733 - 1734 Durtai
1734 - 1735 Yan Ruihong
1735 - 1736 Bai Qitu
1736 - 1737 Shan Tepu
1737 - 1738 Romubu
1738 - 1739 Yang Erchou
1739 - 1740 Shuge
1740 - 1741 Zhang Mei
1741 - 1742 Shu Shan
1742 - 1743 Xiong Xuepeng
1743 - 1744 Liu Xiqi
1744 - 1745 Fan Xian
1745 - 1788 .....
Governors
12 Oct 1885 - 04 Jun 1891 Liu Ming-ch'uan (Liu Mingchuan) ................ 1836-1896
04 Jun - 25 Nov 1891 Ch'en Ying-k'uei (Chen Yingkui)
25 Nov 1891 - 13 Oct 1894 Shao Yu-lien (Shao Youlian) .................... 1840-1901
13 Oct 1894 - 25 May 1895 T'ang Ching-sung (Tang Jingsong) ............... 1841-1903