Romania was formed from the three principalities of Moldova, Transylvania and Wallachia. Within these were various historic and cultural regions. Outside of these territories there were other regions such as Banat and Dobruja. Greater Romania was achieved after World War One with the inclusion of Bessarabia, Bukovina and Transylvania. In 1938 King Charles II created ten Tinuturi (Lands) as part of his administrative reforms.
Each land had a resident appointed by the king. The new lands were designed to break-up the acquired territories and end historic regionalism on the model used by Yugoslavia and France. Following the Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and the ceding of part of Transylvania to Hungary, the personal dictatorship of the king ended and the short lived Lands were abolished on 22 September 1940. The Soviet annexed territories were re-occupied by Romania 1941-1944, but were administered as separate governorates.
Royal Residents
14 Aug 1938 - 31 Jan 1939 Alexandru N. Gane
01 Feb 1939 - 22 Sep 1940 Gheorghe Alexianu 1897-1946
Royal Residents
14 Aug 1938 - 31 Jan 1939 Victor Cadere 1891-1980
01 Feb - 22 Sep 1939 Constantin C. Giurescu 1901-1977
28 Oct 1939 - 22 Sep 1940 Paul D. Goma
Royal Residents
14 Aug 1938 - 28 Sep 1939 Nicolae Ottescu 1885-1950
07 Nov 1939 - 22 Sep 1940 Gen. Traian Grigorescu
Royal Resident
14 Aug 1938 - 22 Sep 1940 Gen. Danila Papp 1868-1950
28 Jun 1940 Soviet occupation
22 Sep 1940 Region formally abolished by Romania
Royal Residents
14 Aug 1938 - 31 Jan 1939 Dimu Simian
01 Feb 1939 - 28 Jun 1940 Grigore Cazacliu 1892-1959
Royal Residents
14 Aug 1938 - 31 Jan 1939 Gen. Romulus Scarisoreanu 1870-1950
01 Feb 1939 - 22 Sep 1940 Dino Simian
Royal Residents
29 Aug 1938 - 31 Jan 1939 Mihai L. Negruzzi ...... 1873-1958
01 Feb 1939 - 22 Sep 1940 Traian Ionascu 1897-1981
Royal Residents
14 Aug 1938 - 31 Jan 1939 Gen. Alexandru Hanzu 1871-1949
01 Feb 1939 - 30 Aug 1940 Coriolan Tataru 1889-1957
Royal Residents
29 Aug 1938 - 31 Jan 1939 Gheorghe Alexianu ........ 1897-1946
01 Feb 1939 - 23 Sep 1940 Gheorghe cavaler de Flondor .. 1892-1976
Royal Resident
14 Aug 1938 - 22 Sep 1940 Alexandru Marta 1869-1965
1541 Bessarabia part of the Ottoman Empire
28 May 1812 Bessarabia annexed by Russian Empire
30 May 1856 - 13 Jul 1878 Southern Bessarabia (Budjak) returned to the Principality of Moldova
26 Jan 1918 Occupied by Rumania
06 Feb 1918 Independence proclaimed
09 Apr 1918 Incorporated into Rumania
01 Jan 1920 Act of unification into Rumania
20 Oct 1920 Unification with Rumania internationally
recognised but not by Soviet Russia
28 Jun 1940 Occupied by the Soviet Union
02 Aug 1940 Annexed by the Soviet Union
16 Jul 1941 Occupied by Rumania
01 Aug 1940 Re-incorporated into Rumania as
Bessarabia governorate
24 Aug 1944 Re-occupied and re-incorporated into the U.S.S.R
04 Sep 1944 Act of unification repealed by Rumania
15 Sep 1947 Soviet annexation recognised by Rumania
27 Aug 1991 Independent as Republic of Moldova
Commandant (of the 4th army)
16 Jul - 31 Jul 1940 Nicolae Ciuperca 1882-1950
Governors
01 Aug 1941 - 15 Apr 1943 Constantin Gheorghe Voiculescu 1890-1955
15 Apr 1943 - 24 Aug 1944 Olimpiu Stavrat 1888-1968
01 Oct 1774 Austrian occupation
07 May 1775 Annexed by Austrian Habsburg empire
16 Sep 1786 - 04 Mar 1849 Amalgamated with Galizien as district Czernowitz
04 Mar 1849 Elevated to separate Duchy of Bukovina, an Austrian Crownland
26 Nov 1914 - 17 Feb 1915 Russian occupation
18 Jun 1916 - 1917 Russian occupation
12 Nov 1918 Independence from Austria-Hungary
31 Dec 1918 Incorporated into Rumania
27 Jun 1940 Northern Bukovina annexed by the Soviet Union
25 Jun 1941 Occupied by Germany and Rumania
05 Jul 1941 - 29 Mar 1944 Re-incorporated into Rumania as Bukovina governorate
29 Mar 1944 Re-occupied by the Soviet Union
15 Sep 1947 Re-incorporation into the U.S.S.R (Ukrainian S.S.R)
01 Dec 1991 Northern Bukovina part of independent Ukraine
Romanian Commander
Jun - Jul 1941 Petre Dumitrescu 1882-1950
Governors-general
07 Jul - 31 Aug 1941 Alexandru Riosanu 1892-1941
31 Aug 1941 - 13 Apr 1943 Corneliu Calotescu 1889-1970
13 Apr 1943 - 29 Mar 1944 Corneliu Dragalina 1887-1949
03 Aug 1941 - 10 Apr 1944 Soviet territory between the Dniester and Bug rivers
occupied but not annexed by Romania
10 Apr 1944 Odessa liberated by Soviet forces
Rumanian Military Commanders (4th army)
03 Aug - 09 Sep 1941 Nicolae Ciuperca
09 Sep - 16 Oct 1941 Iosif Iacobici 1884-1952
Governors
19 Aug 1941 - 31 Jan 1944 Gheorghe Alexianu
01 Feb - 10 Apr 1944 Gheorghe Potopeanu 1889-1966