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Mali

Adopted 20 Oct 1973

1240 - 1400               Mali Empire

1854 - 1893               Tukulor Empire

06 Sep 1880 - 20 Jun 1960 French colony

10 Oct 1902               French colony of Senegambia and Niger

04 Dec 1920               French Sudan

24 Nov 1958               Autonomy

04 Apr 1959 - 20 Aug 1960 Sudanese Republic and Senegal unite as Mali Federation

20 Jun 1960               Independence, Mali Federation

20 Aug 1960               Senegal withdraws from Federation

22 Sep 1960               Renamed Mali

24 Dec 1960 - 1962        Part of the Union of Independent African States

06 Apr 2012               Azawad declares independence (not recognised)

Mali Empire

1240-1255 Sundiata Keita

1255-1270 Wali Keita

1270-1274 Ouati Keita

1274-1275 Khalifa Keita

1275-1285 Abu Bakr

1285-1300 Sakura

1300-1305 Gao

1305-1310 Mohammed ibn Gao

1310-1312 Abubakari II

1312-1337 KanKan Musa I

1337-1341 Maghan

1341-1360 Suleyman

1360      Kassa

1360-1374 Mari Diata II

1374-1287 Musa II

1387-1389 Magha II

1389-1390 Sandaki

1390-1400 Mahmud

Tukulor

1854-1864 Omar al-Hajj

1864-1893 Ahmadu

Presidents

20 Jun 1960 - 19 Nov 1968 Modibo Keita ......................... 1915-1977

                          (President of the Sudanese Federation,

                           04 Apr 1959 - 20 Aug 1960)

19 Nov 1968 - 26 Mar 1991 Moussa Tradoré ....................... 1936-

                          (Military Head of State)

26 Mar 1991 - 08 Jun 1992 Amadou Toumani Touré (1st Time) ...... 1948-

                          (Chairman of the National Reconciliation Council)

08 Jun 1992 - 08 Jun 2002 Alpha Oumar Konaré ................... 1946-

08 Jun 2002 - 08 Apr 2012 Amadou Toumani Touré (2nd Time)

22 Mar      - 12 Apr 2012 Amadou Haya Sanogo ................... 1972-

                          (Chairman of the National Committee)

12 Apr 2012 - 04 Sep 2013 Dioncounda Traoré .................... 1942-

04 Sep 2013 -             Ibrahim Boubacar Keita ............... 1945-

Prime Ministers

24 May 1957 - 05 Apr 1959 Jean-Marie Koné ...................... 1913-1988

05 Apr 1959 - 1965        Modibo Keita ......................... s.a

       1965 - 19 Nov 1968 Post Abolished

19 Nov 1968 - 18 Sep 1969 Yoro Diakité ......................... 1932-1973

18 Sep 1969 - 06 Jun 1986 Post Abolished

06 Jun 1986 - 06 Jun 1988 Mamadou Dembelé ...................... 1936-

06 Jun 1988 - 02 Apr 1991 Post Abolished

02 Apr 1991 - 09 Jun 1992 Soumana Sacko ........................ 1949-

09 Jun 1992 - 12 Apr 1993 Younoussi Touré ...................... 1941-

12 Apr 1993 - 04 Feb 1994 Abdoulaye Sékou Sow .................. 1931-2013

04 Feb 1994 - 15 Feb 2000 Ibrahim Boubacar Keita ............... s.a

15 Feb 2000 - 18 Mar 2002 Mandé Sidibé ......................... 1940-2009

18 Mar      - 09 Jun 2002 Modibo Keita (1st Time) .............. 1942-

09 Jun 2002 - 30 Apr 2004 Ahmed Mohamed Ag Hamani .............. 1942-

01 May 2004 - 28 Sep 2007 Ousmane Issoufi Maiga ................ 1946-

28 Sep 2007 - 03 Apr 2011 Modibo Sidibé ........................ 1952-

03 Apr 2011 - 22 Mar 2012 Cissé Mariam Kaïdama Sidibé .......... 1948-

17 Apr      - 11 Dec 2012 Cheick Modibo Diarra ................. 1952-

11 Dec 2012 - 05 Sep 2013 Diango Cissoko ....................... 1949-

                          (acting)

05 Sep 2013 - 05 Apr 2014 Oumar Tatam Ly ....................... 1963-

05 Apr 2014 - 09 May 2015 Moussa Mara .......................... 1975-

09 May 2015 -             Modibo Keita (2nd Time)

Azawad

17 Jan 2012               Start of Tuareg rebellion against Malian government

31 Mar 2012               Fall of Gao (re-taken by Malian forces 26 Jan 2013)

06 Apr 2012               Independence declared (not recognised)

19 Jul 2012               Islamist insurgency

26 Jan 2013 -             French intervention

14 Feb 2013               MNLA declare the declaration of independence rescinded

01 Jun 2013               U.N Force deployed

21 May 2014               MNLA forces re-take Kidal

Chairmen of the Transitional Executive Committee

06 Apr      - 15 Jun 2012 Mahmoud Ag Aghaly

15 Jun 2012 - 14 Feb 2013 Belal Ag Cherif ..................... 1977-      MNLA

Commanders of the U.N Integrated Stabilization Mission in Mali

01 Jun 2013 - 12 Dec 2014 Jean Bosco Kazura ................... 1963-     (Rwanda)

12 Dec 2014 -             Omer Bikimo (Chad)

                          (interim)

MLNA=National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad (Tuareg separatist)