Al-Iraq  

2008-
1991-2004
1991-2003
1965-1991
1959-1965
1920-1959

 

Kingdom of Akkard                       

Kingdom of Sommer and Akkard      

Empire of Babylon                        

Part of Persia

Sultanate of Baghdad

Part of Persia

       1450 - 30 Oct 1918 Part of the Ottoman Empire

29 Apr 1916 - 10 Jan 1919 British occupation

10 Jan 1919 - 03 Oct 1932 British protectorate

11 Nov 1920 - 03 Oct 1932 League of Nations Mandate under Great Britain

       1920 - 14 Jul 1958 Iraqi Kingdom

14 Feb      - 14 Jul 1958 Arab Union (Federation with Jordan)

14 Jul 1958 -        1992 Iraqi Republic

08 Aug 1990 - 27 Feb 1991 Annexation of Kuwait

       1992 - 09 Apr 2003 Republic of Iraq

19 Mar 2003 -             US and UK led occupation (UK forces leave 22 May 2011)

28 Jun 2004 -             Republic of Iraq, restored

01 Sep 2010               Official end of "Opperation Iraqi Freedom"

18 Dec 2011               Last US troops withdraw

 

Government: Federal Republic.

Capital: Baghdad.

Language: Arabic, Kurdish, English.

Religion: Shia Islam, Sunni Islam, Orthodox, Syrian Catholic, Yazidi.

National Anthem: "Mawtini" (My Homeland).

National Emblem:

National Day: 9th April, Fall of Saddam Hussain (2003).

National Motto: None.

Currency: Iraqi Dinar.

 

Monarchs of Babylon

2379-2369 Sharrum Kin

2369-2306 Rimush

2306-2291 Manishtusu

2291-2254 Naram Sin

2254-2230 Shar Kalli Sharri

2189      Igigi

2189-2188 Nanum

2188-2187 Emi

2187-2186 Elulu

2186-2168 Dudu

2168-2154 Shardural

2120-2113 Uthegal

2113-2096 Ur-Nammu

2096-2049 Shulgi

2049-2039 Bursin

2039-2030 Shu Sin

2030-2022 Ibbi Sin

1894-1881 Sumu Abum

1881-1845 Sumu la El

1845-1830 Sabium

1830-1813 Apil-Sin

1813-1793 Sin Muballit

1793-1750 Hammurabi

1750-1712 Samsu Iluna

1712-1684 Abi-Eshuh

1684-1647 Ammi-Ditana

1647-1626 Ammi-Saduqa

1926-1595 Samsu-Ditanu

1375-1347 Burnabriash II

1347-1345 Karahardash

1345-1324 Kurigalzu II

1324-1298 Nazzimarutush II

1155-1146 Marduk-Kabit-ashheshu

1146-1132 Itti-Marduk-balatu

1132-1126 Ninurta-nadin-shumi

1126-1103 Nabuchadrezzar I

1103-1100 Enlil-nadin-apil

1100-1082 Marduk-nanin-ahhe

1082-1069 Marduk-Shapik-zeri

1069-1046 Adad-alpa-iddine

1046      Marduk-ahhe-eriba

1046-1033 Marduk-zer-X

1033-1025 Nabu-shum-libur

1025-1008 Simbar-shipak

1008      Ea-mukin-shumi

1008-1004 Kashu-nadin

1004-987 Eulma-shakin-shumi

987-985 Ninurta-kudurri-usur

985     Shiriqti-shuqamunu

985-979 Mar-biti-apla-usur

979-943 Nabu-mukin-apli

943     Ninurta-kudurri-usur

943-920 Mar-bit-ahhe-iddina

920-900 Shamash-mudammiq

900-888 Nabu-shuma-ukin I

888-855 Nabu-apla-iddina

855-819 Marduk-zakir-shumi

819-813 Marduk-balassu-iqbi

813-811 Baba-aha-iddina

800-790 Ninurta-apla-X

790-780 Marduk-bel-zeri

780-769 Marduk-apla-usur

769-761 Eriba-Marduk

761-748 Nabu-shuma-ishkun

748-734 Nabunassir

734-732 Nabu-nadin-zeri

732     Nabu-suma-ukin II

625-605 Nabopolasser

605-562 Nebuchadnezzar

562-560 Amel Marduk

560-556 Nergalasharus

556     Labashi Marduk

556-539 Nabonidus

         (Last Babylon Emperor)

268-288 Lakhamid, Amr I

288-328 Imru al-Qais I

325-330 Aus ibn Qallam I

370-382 Amr II

382-403 Imru al-Qais II

403-431 Numan I

431-473 al-Mundhir I

473-493 al-Aswad I

493-500 al-Mundhir II

500-504 Numan II

504-507 Alaqama abu Yaffa I

507-514 Imru al-Qais III

514-523 al-Mundhir III

523-527 al-Harith I

527-554 al-Mundhir IV

554-569 Amr III

569-577 Qaboos I

577-578 Feshart Ouzayd

578-582 al-Mundhir V

583-613 Numan III

613-618 Eyas ibn Qubaysa I

618-638 Zadyeh I

821-822 Tahirid, Tahir I Of Bagdad           

822-845 Tahirid, Talha I

845-862 Tahirid, Tahir II

862-873 Tahirid, Muhammad I   

873-879 Saffari, Yaqub I      

879-900 Saffari, Amribn al Layth I

900-909 Saffari, Tahir III

909-910 Saffari, al-Layth I

910     Saffari, Muhammad II

910-911 Saffari, al-Muddal I  

912     Saffari, Amr ibn Yaqub

923-963 Saffari, Ahmad I

945-967 Buyid, Ahmad I Caliph of Baghdad

963-1003 Saffari, Khalaf

967-978 Buyid, Bikhitya I

978-983 Buyid, Fana

983-987 Buyid, Marzuban I

987-989 Buyid, Shirzil I

989-1012 Buyid, Firuz I

1012-1021 Buyid, Abu Shuja

1021-1025 Buyid, Hasan I

1025-1044 Buyid, Shirzil II

1044-1048 Buyid, Marzuban II

1048-1055 Buyid, Khusraw Firuz

- Seljuk Great Sultans -

1055-1063 Seljuk, Tughrul I

1063-1073 Seljuk, Alp Arslan I

1073-1092 Slejuk, Malik I

1092-1094 Seljuk, Mahmud I

1094-1105 Seljuk, Barkiryaruq

1105-1118 Seljuk, Muhammad I

1118-1131 Seljuk, Mahmud II

1131-1132 Seljuk, Dawud I

1132-1134 Seljuk, Tughrul II

1134-1152 Seljuk, Masud I

1152-1153 Seljuk, Malik III

1153-1160 Seljuk, Muhammad II

1160-1161 Seljuk, Sulyman

1161-1176 Seljuk, Arslan II

1176-1194 Seljuk, Tughrul III

1258-1262 Seljuk, Ali Bahadur

1262-1283 Seljuk, Aladdin

1283-1295 Seljuk, Baiduu

1295-1317 Seljuk, Tudadju

1336-1338 Seljuk, Ali Shah

1340-1356 Jalayrid, Hasani I

1340-1343 Chopanid, Hasani II

1343-1356 Chopanid, Malik IV

1358-1374 Jalayrid, Uwais

1374-1382 Jalayrid, Hussain

1382-1392 Jalayrid, Ahmad (1st Time)

1392-1394 Jalayrid, Masud

1394-1400 Jalayrid, Ahmad (2nd Time)

1400-1403 Jalayrid, Abu-Bakr ibn Miranshah

1403-1410 Jalayrid, Dawlat

1410-1411 Jalayrid, Walad

1411      Jalayrid, Mahud II

Monarchs of Iraq

11 Nov 1920 - 23 Aug 1921 Saiyid Abdul Rahman al-Haydari

                          al-Gaylani (Regent) ............... 1841-1927

23 Aug 1921 - 08 Sep 1933 Hashim, Faisal I .................. 1885-1933

08 Sep 1933 - 04 Apr 1939 Hashim, Ghazi ..................... 1912-1939

04 Apr 1939 - 14 Jul 1958 Hashim, Faisal II ................. 1935-1958

                          (Head of Arab Union 14 Feb - 14 Jul 1958)

04 Apr 1939 - 31 Mar 1941 Abul Ilah ......................... 1913-1958

                          (1st Time, regent)

01 Apr      - 31 May 1941 Sharaf ibn Rajih al-Fawwas ........ 1880-1955

01 Jun 1941 - 02 May 1953 Abul Ilah (2nd Time, regent)

 

Presidents

14 Jul 1958 - 08 Feb 1963 Muhammad Najib al Rubai ........... 1904-1963

                          (Chairman of the Sovreignty Council)

08 Feb 1963 - 13 Apr 1966 Abdul Salam Arif .................. 1921-1966

13 Apr 1966 - 17 Jul 1968 Abdul Rahman Arif ................. 1916-2007

17 Jul 1968 - 16 Jul 1979 Ahmad Hassan al Bakr .............. 1914-1982 B

16 Jul 1979 - 09 Apr 2003 Saddam Hussein al-Takriti ......... 1937-2006 B

09 Apr 2003 - 28 Jun 2004 Vacant

28 Jun 2004 - 07 Apr 2005 Ghazi Mashal Ajil al-Yawer ........ 1958-     PUK

07 Apr 2005 -             Jalal Talabani .................... 1933-

 

Prime Ministers

11 Nov 1920 - 20 Nov 1922 Saiyad Abdul Rahman al-Haydari

                          al-Gaylani

20 Nov 1922 - 22 Nov 1923 Abdul Muhsin Bey al-Saadun ........ 1879-1929

                          (1st Time)

22 Nov 1923 - 02 Aug 1924 Jaafar Pasha al-Askari ............ 1887-1936

02 Aug 1924 - 26 Jun 1925 Yasin Pasha al-Hashimi (1st Time)

26 Jun 1925 - 21 Nov 1926 Abdul Muhsin Bey al-Saadun (2nd Time)

21 Nov 1926 - 11 Jan 1928 Jaafar Pasha al-Askari (2nd Time)

11 Jan 1928 - 28 Apr 1929 Abdul Muhsin Bey al-Saadun (3rd Time)

28 Apr      - 19 Sep 1929 Sulayman Tawfiq Bey al-Suwaidi (1st Time)

19 Sep 1929 - 23 Mar 1930 Ibrahim Naji Bey al-Suwaidi

23 Mar 1930 - 03 Nov 1932 Nuri Pasha as-Said ................ 1888-1958

                          (1st Time)

03 Nov 1932 - 20 Mar 1933 Naji Shaukat Bey

20 Mar      - 09 Nov 1933 Rashid Ali al-Gaylani (1st Time)

09 Nov 1933 - 27 Aug 1934 Jamil Bey al-Midfai (1st Time)

27 Aug 1934 - 04 Mar 1935 Ali Jaudat al-Aiyubi .............. 1896-1968

04 Mar      - 17 Mar 1935 Jamil Bey al-Midfai (2nd Time)

17 Mar 1935 - 30 Oct 1936 Yasin Pasha al-Hashimi (2nd Time)

30 Oct 1936 - 17 Aug 1937 Hikmat Sulayman

17 Aug 1937 - 25 Dec 1938 Jamil Bey al-Midfai (3rd Time)

25 Dec 1938 - 31 Mar 1940 Nuri Pasha as-Said (2nd Time)

01 Apr 1940 - 03 Feb 1941 Rashid Ali al-Gaylani (2nd Time)

03 Feb      - 13 Apr 1941 Taha Pasha as-Hashimi

13 Apr      - 10 Oct 1941 Rashid Ali al-Gaylani (3rd Time)

10 Oct 1941 - 04 Jun 1944 Nuri Pasha as-Said (3rd Time)

04 Jun 1944 - 23 Feb 1946 Hamdi al-Bajaji

23 Feb      - 31 May 1946 Sulayman Tawfiq Bey al-Suwaidi (2nd Time)

01 Jun      - 21 Nov 1946 Arshad al-Umari

21 Nov 1946 - 29 Mar 1947 Nuri Pasha as-Said (4th Time)

29 Mar 1947 - 29 Jan 1948 Sayyid Salih Jabr

29 Jan      - 26 Jun 1948 Sayyid Muhammad as-Sadr

26 Jun 1948 - 06 Jan 1949 Muzahim al-Bajajij

06 Jan      - 10 Dec 1949 Nuri Pasha as-Said (5th Time)

10 Dec 1949 - 05 Feb 1950 Ali Jaudat al-Aiyubi (2nd Time)

05 Feb      - 15 Sep 1950 Sulayman Tawfiq Bey al-Suwaidi (3rd Time)

15 Sep 1950 - 12 Jul 1952 Nuri Pasha as-Said (5th Time)

23 Nov 1952 - 29 Jan 1953 Nureddin Mahmud

29 Jan      - 17 Sep 1953 Jamil Bey al-Midfai (2nd Time)

17 Sep 1953 - 04 Aug 1954 Muhammad Fadhel al-Jamil

04 Aug 1954 - 20 Jun 1957 Nuri Pasha as-Said (6th Time)

20 Jun      - 15 Dec 1957 Ali Jaudat al-Aiyubi (3rd Time)

15 Dec 1957 - 03 Mar 1958 Abdul Wahhab Marjan

03 Mar      - 18 May 1958 Nuri Pasha as-Said (7th Time)

18 May      - 14 Jul 1958 Ahmad Mukhtar Baban    

14 Jul 1958 - 08 Feb 1963 Abd'al Karim Qasim ................ 1914-1963

08 Feb      - 18 Nov 1963 Ahmad Hassan al-Bakr (1st Time)

20 Nov 1963 - 06 Sep 1965 Tahir Yahya ....................... 1913-1986

06 Sep      - 21 Nov 1965 Arif Abdul Razzak ................. 1921-2007

21 Nov 1965 - 09 Aug 1966 Abdul Rahman al-Bazzaz

09 Aug 1966 - 10 May 1967 Naji Talib ........................ 1917-2012

10 May      - 10 Jul 1967 Abdul Rahman Arif

10 Jul 1967 - 14 Jul 1968 Tahir Yahya (2nd Time)

14 Jul      - 30 Jul 1968 Abdul Razzak an-Naif .............. 1933-1978

01 Aug 1968 - 16 Jul 1979 Ahmad Hassan al-Bakr (2nd Time)

16 Jul 1979 - 23 Mar 1991 Saddam Hussein al-Majid al-Takriti (1st Time)

23 Mar      - 13 Sep 1991 Saadun Hammadi .................... 1930-2007 B

16 Sep 1991 - 05 Sep 1993 Muhammad Hamza al-Zubaydi ......... 1938-2005 B

05 Sep 1993 - 29 May 1994 Ahmad Hussein Khudayir as-Samarrai            B

29 May 1994 - 09 Apr 2003 Saddam Hussein al-Majid al-Takriti (2nd Time)

01 Jun 2004 - 03 May 2005 Iyad Allawi

03 May 2005 - 20 May 2006 Ibrahim al-Shiqr al-Jaafari

20 May 2006 -             Nuri Kamil al-Maliki

 

 

 

B=Hizb al-Ba'ath al-Arabiyah al-Ishtiraki (Arab Socialist rebirth Party,

   Dictatorial, Saddam Hussein personalist 1979-2003, banned 2003)

Hez=Hezbullah, Iraqi Party of God (Shi'ite Islamist)

ICP=Iraqi Communist Party (Communist)

IIP=Iraqi Islamic Party (Sunni Islamist)

PUK=Yaketi Nishtimani Kurdistan (Patriotic Union of Kurdistan, Social Democratic)

UIA=United Iraqi Alliance (United Shi'ite Islamist)

_________________________________________________________________________________

 

Foreign occupation of Iraq

 

 

      2004-2009          Unit insignia to 2009          2010-2011

 

 

Commanders of the British Occupation Forces in Mesopotamia

       1914 -    Apr 1915 Sir Arthur Arnold Barret

   Apr 1915 - 18 Apr 1916 Sir John Eccles Nixon

18 Apr      -    Jul 1916 Sir Percy Henry Noel Lake

       1916 - 18 Nov 1917 Sir Frederic Stanley Maude

18 Nov 1917 - 1918        Sir William Raine Marshall

       1918 - 10 Jan 1919 Sir Alexander Stanhope Cobbe

Commanders of the British Occupation Forces in Iraq

07 May 1941 - 21 Aug 1942 Sir Edward Pellew Quinan

21 Aug 1942 - 18 Feb 1943 Sir Henry Maitland Wilson

18 Feb 1943 - 18 Feb 1944 Sir Henry Royds Pownall

18 Feb 1944 - 28 Feb 1946 Sir Arthur Francis Smith

 Comanders of the US led Occupation Force

09 Apr      - 07 Jul 2003 Thomas Ray Franks ................. 1945-

07 Jul 2003 - 28 Jul 2004 John Philip Abizaid ............... 1951

US Commanders of the Multi-National Force in Iraq

14 Jun 2003 - 30 Jun 2004 Ricardo S. Sanchez

01 Jul 2004 - 10 Feb 2007 George William Casey. Jr

10 Feb 2007 - 16 Sep 2008 David Howell Patreaus

16 Sep 2008 - 31 Aug 2010 Raymond T. Odierno

Commanding General of the US Forces in Iraq

01 Sep 2010 - 31 Dec 2011 Lloyd James Austin III

 

Administrator

10 Jan 1919 - 30 Sep 1920 Sir Arnold Talbot Wilson

High Commissioners

01 Oct 1920 - 04 May 1923 Sir Percy Zachariah Cox

04 May 1923 -    Oct 1928 Sir Henry Robert Conway Dobbs

   Oct 1928 - 11 Sep 1929 Sir Gilbert Falkingham Clayton

03 Oct 1929 - 03 Oct 1932 Sir Francis Henry Humphrys

Civil Administrators

21 Apr      - 12 May 2003 Jay Montgomery Garner ............. 1938-     (US)

12 May 2003 - 28 Jun 2004 Lewis Paul Bremer III ............. 1941-     (US)

_________________________________________________________________________________

 

 

Islamic State of Iraq

 

 

15 Oct 2006 -              Islamic State of Iraq declares by Islamic insurgents

 

Emirs

15 Oct 2006 - 18 Apr 2010 Hamid Dawud Muhammed Khalil al Zawi 19..-2010

                          (Abu Abdullah al-Rashid al-Baghdadi)

18 Apr 2010 -             Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi al-Husseini al Qurashi

 

Prime Minister

15 Oct 2006 -             Abu Abdul Rahman al-Falahi