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Adopted 05 Oct 1981

1977-1981

1945-1977

1939-1945

1931-1939

1873-1874

1870-73, 1874-1931

To 1870

1700-1870

España Espanya Espainia

218 BC                    Part of Roman Empire

369 - 718                 Kingdom of the Visigoths

19 Jul 711                Musilm conquest

02 Jan 1492               Last Moorish areas incorparated in to Castille

16 Jan 1556               Spanish Monarchy

17 Jul 1580 - 30 Nov 1640 Portugal in personal union with Spain

24 Mar 1808 - 11 Dec 1813 French occupation

11 Feb 1873               (First) Spanish Republic

30 Dec 1874               Kingdom of Spain

14 Apr 1931               (Second) Spainish Republic

17 Jul 1936 - 31 Mar 1939 Civil war

01 Apr 1939               Spanish State

28 Jul 1947               Spain declared to be a Kingdom

29 Dec 1978              Kingdom of Spain

Government: Constatutional Monarchy.

Capital: Madrid.

Language: Castilian Spanish, Catalan, Basque, Galician.

Religion: Roman Catholic.

National Anthem: "Marcha Real" (Royal March).

National Emblem: Pillars of Hercules.

National Day: National Day, 12 Oct (1492).

National Motto: Plus Ultra (Further Beyond).

EU Accesion: 1st January 1986.

Currency: Euro (Spanish Peseta 1869-2001).

Visigoth Kingdom

369-380 Fritigern

369-381 Athanaric

395-410 Balti, Alaric

410-415 Balti, Ataulf

415     Balti, Sigeric

415-419 Balti, Wallia

419-451 Balti, Theodoric I

451-453 Balti, Thorismund

453-466 Balti, Theodoric II

466-484 Balti, Euric

484-507 Balti, Alaric II

507-511 Balti, Gesalec

526-531 Balti, Amalaric

531-548 Theodoric III

548-549 Theudigisel

549-554 Agila I

554-567 Athanagild

567-573 Liuva

568-586 Liuvigild

586-601 Reccared

601-603 Liuva II

603-610 Witteric

610-612 Gundemar

612-621 Sisebur

621     Reccared II

621-631 Suintila

631-636 Sisenand

636-640 Chintila

640-641 Tulga

641-649 Chindasuith

649-672 Reccesuith

672-680 Wamba

680-687 Erwig

687-701 Erigica

701-710 Wittiza

01 Mar 710 - Jul 711 Roderic

   Jul 711 - 714     Agila II

714 - 718            Ardo

Emirate of Cordoba

756-788 Abdur Rahman I

788-799 Hishman I

799-822 Al Hakam I

822-852 Adbur Rahman II

852-886 Muhammad I

886-888 Al Mundhir

888-912 Abdullah

912-961 Abdur Rahman III

961-976 Al Hakam II

976-1008 Hishman II (1st Time)

1009-1009 Muhammad II

1009-1010 Sulayman (2nd Time)

1010-1012 Hishman II (2nd Time)

1012-1017 Sulayman (2nd Time)

1017-1021 Ali ibn Hamud

1021-1022 AbdurRarman IV

1022      Qasim

1022-1023 Abdur Rahman V

1023-1024 Muhammad III

1024-1027 Yahya ibn Ali

1027-1031 Hishman III

Monarchs

23 Jan 1516 - 16 Jan 1556 Habsburgo, Carlos I .......................... 1500-1558

                          (Karl V, Holy Roman Emperor)

16 Jan 1556 - 13 Sep 1598 Habsburgo, Felipe II ......................... 1527-1598

13 Sep 1598 - 31 Mar 1621 Habsburgo, Felipe III ........................ 1578-1621

31 Mar 1621 - 17 Sep 1665 Habsburgo, Felipe IV ......................... 1605-1665

17 Sep 1665 - 01 Nov 1700 Habsburgo, Carlos II ......................... 1661-1700

16 Nov 1700 - 09 Jul 1746 Borbón, Felipe V ............................. 1683-1746

15 Jan      - 31 Aug 1724 Borbón, Luis ................................. 1707-1724

09 Jul 1746 - 10 Aug 1759 Borbón, Fernando VI .......................... 1713-1759

10 Aug 1759 - 14 Dec 1788 Borbón, Carlos III ........................... 1716-1788

14 Dec 1788 - 19 Mar 1808 Borbón, Carlos IV ............................ 1748-1819

19 Mar 1808 - 29 Sep 1833 Borbón, Fernando VII ......................... 1784-1833

                          (French prisoner 18 May 1808 - 11 Dec 1813)

04 May      - 06 Jun 1808 Joachim Murat,

                           Gross Herzog von Berg und Cleves ............ 1767-1815

06 Jun 1808 - 11 Dec 1813 Bonaparte, José Napoleón ..................... 1768-1844

29 Sep 1833 - 12 Oct 1840 Queen María Cristina ......................... 1806-1878

                          (Regent)

29 Sep 1833 - 30 Sep 1868 Borbón, Isabella II .......................... 1830-1904

01 Oct 1833 - 31 Aug 1839 Borbón, Carlos V ............................. 1788-1855

                          (Carlist inserrection)

12 Oct 1840 - 23 Jul 1843 Joaquím Baldomero Fernández Espartero,

                           conde de Luchana ............................ 1792-1879

                          (President of the Provisional Regency)

30 Jul      - 10 Nov 1843 Joaquím María de la Asuncion López y López ... 1798-1855

                          (Regent)

       1860               Borbón, Carlos VI (Carlist inserection)

Presidents

30 Sep      - 03 Oct 1868 Pascual Madoz Ibáñez ......................... 1806-1870

03 Oct      - 08 Oct 1868 Joaquín Aguirre de la Peña ................... 1807-1869

08 Oct 1868 - 18 Jun 1869 Francisco Serrano y Domínguez, duque

                           de la Torre, conde de San Antonio (1st Time)

Monarchs

18 Jul 1869 - 04 Dec 1870 Francisco Serrano y Domínguez,
                          duque de la Torre, conde de San Antonio ...... 1810-1885

                          (Regent)

04 Dec 1870 - 11 Feb 1873 Saboya, Amandeo ............................. 1845-1890

       1872 - 28 Feb 1876 Borbón, Carlos VII (Carlist insurrection)

Presidents

11 Feb      - 12 Feb 1873 Blas Nicolás María Rivero .................... 1813-1878

12 Feb      - 24 Feb 1873 Cristino Martos Balbi ........................ 1830-1893

24 Feb      - 11 Jun 1873 Estanislao Figueras y Moragas ................ 1819-1882

11 Jun      - 18 Jun 1873 Francisco Pi y Margall ....................... 1824-1901

18 Jun      - 07 Sep 1873 Nicolás Salmerón y Alonso .................... 1832-1899

07 Sep 1873 - 03 Jan 1874 Emilio Manuel Castelar Ripoll ................ 1832-1899

03 Jan      - 30 Dec 1874 Francisco Serrano y Dominguez, duque

                           de la Torre, conde de San Antonio (2nd Time)

Monarchs

30 Dec 1874 - 25 Nov 1885 Borbón, Alfonso XII .......................... 1857-1885

25 Nov 1885 - 17 May 1902 Queen María Cristina ......................... 1858-1929

                          (Regent)

17 May 1886 - 14 Apr 1931 Borbón, Alfonso XIII ......................... 1886-1941

Presidents

11 Dec 1931 - 07 Apr 1936 Niceto Alcalá-Zamora y Torres ................ 1877-1949

07 Apr      - 11 May 1936 Diego Martinez Barrio ........................ 1883-1942

                          (interim)

11 May 1936 - 05 Mar 1939 Manuel Azaña Díaz ............................ 1880-1940

05 Mar     - 31 Mar 1939 José Miaja Menant ............................ 1878-1958

Head of State (Regent [Caudillo] for the Kingdom from 1947)

23 Jul      - 01 Oct 1936 Miguel Cabanellas Ferrer ..................... 1862-1938

01 Oct 1936 - 20 Nov 1975 Francisco Paulino Teódulo Franco y Bahamonde,

                           duque de Franco ............................. 1892-1975

                          (In opposition to 31 Mar 1939)

19 Jul 1974 - 20 Nov 1975 Prince Juan Carlos de Borbón ................. 1938-

                          (Regent)

Monarchs

28 Jul 1947 - 22 Nov 1975 Borbón, Don Juan, conde de Barcelona ......... 1913-1993

                          (Head of the Borbón dynasty)

20 Nov      - 22 Nov 1975 Alejandro Rodríguez de Valcárcel y Nebreda ... 1917-1976

                          (Regent)

22 Nov 1975 -             Borbón, Juan Carlos

First Secretaries of State

21 Nov 1734 - 26 Nov 1736 José de Patiño y Rosales

26 Nov 1736 - 04 Dec 1746 Sebastián de la Cuadra y Llerena,

                          marqués de Villarías

04 Dec 1746 - 09 Apr 1754 José de Carvajal y Lancáster

09 Apr 1754 - 15 May 1754 Fernando de Silva y Álvarez de

                           Toledo, duque de Huéscar (acting)

15 May 1754 - 09 Oct 1763 Ricardo Wall y Devreux

09 Oct 1763 - 19 Feb 1777 Pablo-Jerónimo de Grimaldi y

                           Pallavicini, marqués de Grimaldi

19 Feb 1777 - 28 Feb 1792 José Moñino y Redondo,

                           conde de Floridablanca

28 Feb      - 15 Nov 1792 Pedro Pablo Abarca de Bolea y

                           Ximenez de Urrea, conde de Aranda

                           (acting)

15 Nov 1792 - 30 Mar 1798 Manuel Godoy y Álvarez de Faria,

                           duque de Alcudia, príncipe de la Paz

30 Mar 1798 - 21 Feb 1799 Francisco de Saavedra y

                           Sangronis (1st time)

21 Feb 1799 - 13 Dec 1800 Mariano Luis de Urquijo y Muga

                          (1st time, acting)

13 Dec 1800 - 03 Mar 1808 Pedro Cevallos Guerra (1st time)

03 Mar      - 19 Mar 1808 Gonzalo O'Farrill y Herrera

                          (acting)

19 Mar      - 07 Jul 1808 Pedro Cevallos Guerra (2nd time)

07 Jul 1808 - 27 Jun 1813 Mariano Luis de Urquijo y Muga

                             (2nd time)

10 Oct      - 17 Oct 1813 Juan O'Donojú O'Ryan (acting)

17 Oct      - 03 Dec 1813 Fernando de Laserna (acting)

03 Dec 1813 - 04 May 1814 José Luyando (1st time) (acting)

04 May      - 15 Nov 1814 José Miguel de Carvajal Vargas y

                           Manrique, duque de San Carlos

15 Nov 1814 - 24 Jan 1816 Pedro Cevallos Guerra (3rd time)

24 Jan      - 26 Jan 1816 Juan Esteban Lozano de Torres

26 Jan      - 30 Oct 1816 Pedro Cevallos Guerra (4th time)

30 Oct 1816 - 14 Sep 1818 José García de León y Pizarro

14 Sep 1818 - 12 Jun 1819 Carlos Fernando Martínez de Irujo

                           y Tacón, marqués de Casa-Irujo,

                            duque de Sotomayor (1st time)

12 Jun 1819 - 12 Sep 1819 Manuel González Salmón y Gómez

                          de Torres (1st time) (acting)

12 Sep 1819 - 18 Mar 1820 Joaquín José Melgarejo y Saurín,

                           duque de San Fernandode Quiroga

18 Mar 1820               Juan Jabat Aztal (acting)

18 Mar 1820 - 02 Mar 1821 Evaristo Pérez de Castro Brito

02 Mar      - 23 Apr 1821 Joaquín Anduaga Cuenca (acting)

23 Apr 1821               Francisco de Paula Escudero

                          (acting)

23 Apr 1821 - 08 Jan 1822 Eusebio Bardají y Azara (2nd time)

24 Jan      - 30 Jan 1822 José Gabriel de Silva y Bazán,

                           marqués de Santa Cruz

30 Jan      - 28 Feb 1822 Ramón López Pelegrín

28 Feb     - 05 Aug 1822 Francisco Martínez de la Rosa

05 Aug 1822 - 25 Apr 1823 Evaristo Fernández San Miguel y

                           Valledor

13 May      - 29 Aug 1823 José María Pando de la Riva y

                           Ramírez de Laredo

06 Sep      - 30 Sep 1823 José Luyando (2nd time)

25 Apr      - 02 Dec 1823 Víctor Damían Sáez y Sánchez-Mayor

                          (counter-government to 01 Oct 1823)

02 Dec 1823 - 18 Jan 1824 Carlos Martínez de Irujo y Tacón,

                           marqués de Casa-Irujo,

                            duque de Sotomayor (2nd time)

18 Jan 1824 - 11 Jul 1824 Narciso de Heredia y Begines

                           de los Ríos, conde de Ofalia

11 Jul 1824               Luis María de Salazar y Salazar

11 Jul 1824 - 24 Oct 1825 Francisco Cea Bermúdez (1st time)

24 Oct 1825 - 19 Aug 1826 Pedro Alcántara Álvarez de

                           Toledo y Salm-Salm,

                            duque de Infantado

19 Aug 1826 - 20 Jan 1832 Manuel González Salmón y Gómez

                           de Torres (2nd time)

                            (acting to 15 Oct 1830)

20 Jan      - 22 Feb 1832 Francisco Tadeo Calomarde y Arría

                           (acting)

20 Jan      - 01 Oct 1832 Antonio de Saavedra y Frigola,

                           conde de Alcudia (acting)

01 Oct      - 29 Nov 1832 José Cafranga Costilla

                          (acting)

29 Nov 1832 - 15 Jan 1834 Francisco Cea Bermúdez (2nd time)

Presidents of the Government

15 Jan 1834 - 07 Jun 1835 Francisco Martínez de la Rosa

07 Jun      - 14 Sep 1835 José María Queipo de Llano Ruíz

                           de Saravia, conde de Toreno

14 Sep      - 25 Sep 1835 Miguel Ricardo de Álvaro Esquivel

25 Sep 1835 - 15 May 1836 Juan Álvarez Mendizábal

15 May      - 14 Aug 1836 Francisco Javier Istrúriz y Montero

                          (1st Time)

14 Aug 1836 - 18 Aug 1837 José María Calatrava

18 Aug      - 18 Oct 1837 Joaquín Baldomero Fernández Espartero,

                           conde de Luchana

18 Oct      - 16 Dec 1837 Eusebio Bardají y Azara

16 Dec 1837 - 06 Sep 1838 Narciso de Heredia y Begines de los Ríos,

                           conde de Ofalia

06 Sep      - 09 Dec 1838 Bernardino Fernández de Valasco Enríquez

                           de Guzmán, duque de Frías

09 Dec 1838               Isidor Alaix (acting)

09 Dec 1838 - 18 Jul 1840 Evaristo Pérez de Castro Brito

20 Jul      - 12 Aug 1840 Antonio González y González

                          (1st Time)

12 Aug      - 28 Aug 1840 Valentín Ferrez y Barrau

29 Aug      - 11 Sep 1840 Modesto Cortázar (acting)

11 Sep      - 16 Sep 1840 Vicente Sancho

                          (did not take office)

16 Sep 1840 - 10 May 1841 Joaquín Baldomero Fernández Espartero,

                           duque de la Victoria

10 May      - 20 May 1841 Joaquín María Ferrer Cafranga

20 May 1841 - 17 Jun 1842 Antonio González y González

                          (2nd Time)

17 Jun 1842 - 09 May 1843 José Ramón Rodil y Gallosa,

                           marqués de Rodil

09 May      - 19 May 1843 Joaquín María López y López

19 May      - 23 Jul 1843 Álvaro Gómez Becerra

23 Jul      - 20 Nov 1843 Joaquín María López y López

                          (2nd time)

20 Nov      - 05 Dec 1843 Salustiano de Olózaga y Almandoz

05 Dec 1843 - 03 May 1844 Luis González Bravo (1st time)

03 May 1844 - 12 Feb 1846 Ramón María Narváez y Campos,

                           duque de Valencia (1st time)

12 Feb      - 16 Mar 1846 Manuel Pando Fernández de Pineda,

                           marqués de Miraflores (1st time)

16 Mar      - 05 Apr 1846 Ramón María Narváez y Campos,

                           duque de Valencia (2nd time)

05 Apr 1846 - 28 Jan 1847 Francisco Javier Istúriz y Montero

                          (2nd time)

28 Jan      - 28 Mar 1847 Carlos Fernando Martínez de Irujo

                           y McKean, marqués de Casa-Irujo,

                            duque de Sotomayor

28 Mar      - 31 Aug 1847 Joaquín Francisco Pacheco y

                           Gutiérrez Calderón

31 Aug      - 12 Sep 1847 José de Salamanca y Mayol

12 Sep      - 04 Oct 1847 Florencio García Goyena

04 Oct 1847 - 19 Oct 1849 Ramón María Narváez y Campos

                           duque de Valencia (3rd time)

19 Oct      - 20 Oct 1849 Serafín María de Soto y Abacu,

                           conde de Cleonard

20 Oct 1849 - 14 Jan 1850 Ramón María Narváez y Campos,

                           duque de Valencia (4th time)

14 Jan 1850 - 14 Dec 1852 Juan Bravo Murillo

14 Dec 1852 - 14 Apr 1853 Federico Roncali y Ceruti,

                           conde de Alcoy

14 Apr 1853 - 19 Sep 1853 Francisco de Lersundi y Ormaechea

19 Sep 1853 - 17 Jul 1854 Luis José Sartorius Tapia,

                           conde de San Luis

17 Jul 1854 - 18 Jul 1854 Fernando Fernández de Córdova y

                           Valcárcel (1st time)

18 Jul 1854 - 19 Jul 1854 Ángel de Saavedra y Ramírez de

                           Baquedano, duque de Rivas

                           (acting)

19 Jul 1854 - 14 Jul 1856 Joaquín Baldomero Fernández

                           Espartero, duque de la Victoria

                            (3rd time)

14 Jul 1856 - 12 Oct 1856 Leopoldo O'Donnell Jorris,

                           conde de Lucena (1st time)

12 Oct 1856 - 15 Oct 1857 Ramón María Narváez y Campos,

                           duque de Valencia (5th time)

15 Oct 1857 - 14 Jan 1858 Francisco Armero y Fernández

                           Peñaranda, marqués de Nervión

14 Jan 1858 - 30 Jun 1858 Francisco Javier Istúriz y Montero

                           (3rd time)

30 Jun 1858 - 02 Mar 1863 Leopoldo O'Donnell Jorris,

                           duque de Tetuán (2nd time)

02 Mar 1863 - 17 Jan 1864 Manuel Pando Fernández de Pineda,

                           marqués de Miraflores (2nd time)

17 Jan 1864 - 01 Mar 1864 Lorenzo Arrazola García

01 Mar 1864 - 16 Sep 1864 Alejandro Món Menéndez

16 Sep 1864 - 21 Jun 1865 Ramón María Narváezy Campos,

                           duque de Valencia (6th time)

21 Jun 1865 - 10 Jul 1866 Leopoldo O'Donnell Jorris,

                           duque de Tetuán (3rd time)

10 Jul 1866 - 23 Apr 1868 Ramón María Narváez y Campos,

                           duque de Valencia (7th time)

23 Apr      - 19 Sep 1868 Luis González Bravo (2nd time)

19 Sep     - 30 Sep 1868 José Gutiérrez de la Concha

18 Jun 1869 - 27 Dec 1870 Juan Prim y Prats, marqués de los

                           Castillejos, conde de Reus,

                            vizconde del Bruch

27 Dec 1870 - 04 Jan 1871 Juan Bautista Topete y Carballo

                           (1st Time, acting)

04 Jan      - 24 Jul 1871 Francisco Serrano y Domínguez,

                           duque de la Torre, conde de San Antonio (1st time)

24 Jul      - 05 Oct 1871 Manuel Ruíz Zorrilla (1st time)

05 Oct      - 21 Dec 1871 José Malcampo y Monge, marqués

                           de San Rafael, conde de Jolo

21 Dec 1871 - 26 May 1872 Práxedes Mateo Sagasta (1st time)

26 May      - 04 Jun 1872 Juan Bautista Topete y Carballo

                           (2nd time) (acting)

04 Jun      - 13 Jun 1872 Francisco Serrano y Domínguez,

                           duque de la Torre, conde de San

                           Antonio (2nd time)

13 Jun      - 16 Jun 1872 Fernando Fernández de Córdova

                           (2nd time) (acting)

16 Jun 1872 - 12 Feb 1873 Manuel Ruíz Zorrilla (2nd time)

04 Jan      - 26 Feb 1874 Francisco Serrano y Domínguez,

                           duque de la Torre, conde de San

                          Antonio (3rd time)

26 Feb     - 03 Sep 1874 Juan de Zavala y de la Puente,

                           conde de Paredes de Nava,

                           marqués de Sierra Bullones

03 Sep     - 30 Dec 1874 Práxedes Mateo Sagasta (2nd time)

31 Dec 1874 - 12 Sep 1875 Antonio Cánovas del Castillo

                           (1st time)

12 Sep      - 02 Dec 1875 Joaquín Jovellar y Soler

02 Dec 1875 - 07 Mar 1879 Antonio Cánovas del Castillo

                           (2nd time)

07 Mar      - 09 Dec 1879 Arsenio Martínez Campos

09 Dec      - 08 Feb 1881 Antonio Cánovas del Castillo

                           (3rd time)

08 Feb 1881 - 13 Oct 1883 Práxedes Mateo Sagasta (3rd time)

13 Oct 1883 - 18 Jan 1884 José Posada Herrera

18 Jan 1884 - 27 Nov 1885 Antonio Cánovas del Castillo

                           (4th time)

27 Nov 1885 - 05 Jul 1890 Práxedes Mateo Sagasta (4th time)

05 Jul 1890 - 11 Dec 1892 Antonio Cánovas del Castillo

                           (5th time)

11 Dec 1892 - 23 Mar 1895 Práxedes Mateo Sagasta (5th time)

23 Mar 1895 - 08 Aug 1897 Antonio Cánovas del Castillo

                           (6th time)

08 Aug      - 04 Oct 1897 Marcelo de Azcárraga y Palmero

                           (1st time) (acting to 21 Aug 1897)

04 Oct 1897 - 04 Mar 1899 Práxedes Mateo Sagasta (6th time)

04 Mar 1899 - 23 Oct 1900 Francisco Silvela y le Vielleuze

                           (1st time)

23 Oct 1900 - 06 Mar 1901 Marcelo de Azcárraga y Palmero

                           (2nd time)

06 Mar 1901 - 06 Dec 1902 Práxedes Mateo Sagasta (7th time)

06 Dec 1902 - 20 Jul 1903 Francisco Silvela y le Vielleuze

                           (2nd time)

20 Jul      - 5 Dec 1903 Raimundo Fernández Villaverde

                           (1st time)

05 Dec 1903 - 16 Dec 1904 Antonio Maura y Montaner

                           (1st time)

16 Dec 1904 - 27 Jan 1905 Marcelo de Azcárraga y Palmero

                           (3rd time)

27 Jan      - 23 Jun 1905 Raimundo Fernández Villaverde

                           (2nd time)

23 Jun      - 01 Dec 1905 Eugenio Montero Ríos

01 Dec 1905 - 06 Jul 1906 Segismundo Moret y Prendergast

                           (1st time)

06 Jul      - 30 Nov 1906 José López Domínguez

30 Nov      - 04 Dec 1906 Segismundo Moret y Prendergast

                           (2nd time)

04 Dec 1906 - 25 Jan 1907 Antonio Aguilar y Correa,

                           marqués de la Vega de Armij

25 Jan 1907 - 21 Oct 1909 Antonio Maura y Montaner

                           (2nd time)

21 Oct 1909 - 09 Feb 1910 Segismundo Moret y Prendergast

                           (3rd time)

09 Feb 1910 - 12 Nov 1912 José Canalejas y Méndez

14 Nov 1912 - 27 Oct 1913 Álvaro Figueroa y Torres Mendieta,

                           conde de Romanones (1st time)

27 Oct 1913 - 09 Dec 1915 Eduardo Dato y Iradier (1st time)

09 Dec 1915 - 19 Apr 1917 Álvaro Figueroa y Torres Mendieta,

                           conde de Romanones (2nd time)

19 Apr      - 11 Jun 1917 Manuel García Prieto,

                           marqués de Alhucemas (2nd time)

11 Jun      - 03 Nov 1917 Eduardo Dato y Iradier (2nd time

03 Nov 1917 - 22 Mar 1918 Manuel García Prieto,

                           marqués de Alhucemas (3rd time)

22 Mar      - 09 Nov 1918 Antonio Maura y Montaner

                           (3rd time)

09 Nov      - 05 Dec 1918 Manuel García Prieto,

                           marqués de Alhucemas (4th time)

05 Dec 1918 - 15 Apr 1919 Álvaro Figueroa y Torres Mendieta,

                           conde de Romanones (3rd time)

15 Apr      - 20 Jul 1919 Antonio Maura y Montaner

                           (4th time)

20 Jul      - 12 Dec 1919 Joaquín Sánchez de Toca Calvo

12 Dec 1919 - 05 May 1920 Manuel Allendesalazar (1st time)

05 May 1920 - 08 Mar 1921 Eduardo Dato y Iradier (3rd time)

08 Mar      - 13 Mar 1921 Gabino Bugallal Araujo,

                           conde de Bugallal

13 Mar     - 14 Aug 1921 Manuel Allendesalazar (2nd time)

14 Aug 1921 - 08 Mar 1922 Antonio Maura y Montaner

                           (5th time)

08 Mar 1922 - 07 Dec 1922 José Sánchez Guerra y Martínez

07 Dec 1922 - 15 Sep 1923 Manuel García Prieto,

                           marqués de Alhucemas (5th time)

15 Sep 1923 - 30 Jan 1930 Miguel Primo de Rivera y Orbaneja,

                           marqués de Estella y de Ajdir ............... 1870-1930

30 Jan 1930 - 18 Feb 1931 Dámaso Berenguer, conde de Xauen

18 Feb      - 14 Apr 1931 uan Bautista Aznar-Cabañas

14 Apr      - 14 Oct 1931 Niceto Alcalá-Zamora y Torres

                          (President of the Provisional Government)

14 Oct 1931 - 12 Sep 1933 Manuel Azaña Días (1st Time)

12 Sep      - 08 Oct 1933 Alejandro Lerroux García ..................... 1864-1949

                          (1st Time)

08 Oct      - 16 Dec 1933 Diego Martínez Barrio ........................ 1883-1962

16 Dec 1933 - 28 Apr 1934 Alejandro Lerroux García (2nd Time)

28 Apr      - 04 Oct 1934 Ricardo Samper Ibáñez ........................ 1881-1938

04 Oct 1934 - 25 Sep 1935 Alejandro Lerroux García (3rd Time)

25 Sep      - 14 Dec 1935 Joaquín Chapaprieta Torregrosa ............... 1871-1951

14 Dec 1935 - 19 Feb 1936 Manuel Portela Valladares .................... 1868-1952

19 Feb      - 10 May 1936 Manuel Azaña Días (2nd Time)

10 May      - 13 May 1936 Augusto Barcia Trelles ....................... 1881-1961

13 May      - 19 Jul 1936 Santiago Casares Quiroga ..................... 1884-1950

19 Jul      - 04 Sep 1936 José Giral Pereira ........................... 1879-1962

04 Sep 1936 - 17 May 1937 Francisco Largo Caballero .................... 1859-1946

17 May 1937 - 31 Mar 1939 Juan Nagrín López ............................ 1894-1956

Chairmen of the Technical Junta (Nationalist Zone)

03 Oct 1936 - 03 Jun 1937 Fidel Dávila Arrondo ......................... 1878-1962

03 Jun 1937 - 31 Jan 1938 Francisco Gómez Jordana Sousa ................ 1876-1944

Presidents of the Government

01 Feb 1938 - 08 Jun 1973 Francisco Paulino Teódulo Franco y Bahamonde

08 Jun      - 20 Dec 1973 Luis Carrero Blanco .......................... 1903-1973

20 Dec 1973 - 02 Jan 1974 Torcuato Fernández-Miranda Hevia ............. 1915-1980

02 Jan 1974 - 01 Jul 1976 Carlos Arias Navarro ......................... 1908-1989

05 Jul 1976 - 25 Feb 1981 Don Adolfo Suárez González,

                           duque de Suárez ............................. 1936-

25 Feb 1981 - 02 Dec 1982 Leopoldo Calvo-Sotelo y Bustelo .............. 1926-2008

02 Dec 1982 - 05 May 1996 Felipe González Márquez ...................... 1942-     PSOE

05 May 1996 - 17 Apr 2004 José María Aznar López ....................... 1953-     PP

17 Apr 2004 - 21 Dec 2011 José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero ................. 1960-     PSOE

21 Dec 2011 -             Mariano Rajoy Brey ........................... 1955-     PP

PP=Partido Popular (Peoples party, Conservative)

PSOE=Partido Socialist Obrero Español (Spanish Socialist workers party, Social democratic)

Autonomous communities
States to 1715