Coat of Arms since 1992

1948-1989(1992)

R.S.R CoA 1948

Kingdom 1922-1947

Kingdom 1881-1922

Rumania 1867-1881

1863-1867

Unofficial 1861-1863

1600-1601

Romania

 

... - 106 BC              Kingdom of Dacia

552 - 899                 Kingdom of Ghepids

1290                      Principality of Wallechia

1310                      Principality of Moldova

       1541               Moldavia and Walachia vassles of the Ottoman Empire

   May 1600 - 09 Aug 1601 Mihai I of Wallachia unites Moldavia, Transylvania and Wallachia

       1611 - 09 May 1877 Under Ottoman protectorate

24 Jan 1859               Union of the Danubian Principalities

23 Dec 1861               United Romanian Principalities

09 May 1877               Independence from Ottoman Empire

26 Mar 1881               Kingdom of Rumania

06 Dec 1916 - 29 Nov 1918 Southern Rumania under Austro-Hungarian and German occupation

09 Apr 1918               Bessarabia incorporated into Rumania

01 Jan 1919               Bukovina incorporated into Rumania

11 Jan 1919               Transylvania incorporated into Rumania

27 Jun 1940               Bessarabia and Bukovina annexed by the USSR

30 Aug 1940 - 11 Mar 1945 Transilvania restored to Hungary

07 Sep 1940               Southern Dobruja ceded to Bulgaria

25 Jul 1941 - 24 Aug 1944 Bessarabia and Bukovina restored to Rumania

31 Aug 1944 - 10 Feb 1947 Soviet occupation

30 Dec 1947               People's Republic of Rumania

21 Aug 1965               Socialist Republic of Romania

30 Dec 1989 -             Republic of Romania 

 

Government: Republic.

Capital: Bucharesti.

Language: Roma nian, Hungarian, German, Serbian.

National Anthem: "Desteaptate Romane" (Wake up Romanians).

National Emblem: Gold Eagle.

National Day: 1st December Unification day (1918), 9th May independence day, from Turkey (1877).

National Motto: None: Formerly Nihil Sine Deo(Nothing without God).

EU Accession: 1st January 2007.

Currency: Leu.

 

Kings of Dacia

Zalmoxis

Moskon

Dromichaetes

Rubobostes

Oroles

200-397 Rhemaxos

Dicomes

Rholes

Dapyx

Cotiso

Zyraxes

70-44 Burebista

44    Charnadon

44-28 Comosicus

Coson

68-87 Duras

87-106 Decebal

Kings of the Arvars

552-562 Kandik

562-602 Bayan I

602-617 Bayan II

Kings of the Ghepids

729-730 Surakat

791-795 Yugurus

795-803 Kajid Tundun

803-813 Zodan

813-814 Theodorius

814-830 Abraham

830-835 Isaac Tundun

835-899 Kursan

Prince of the United Romanian Principalities

   May 1600 - 09 Aug 1601 Mihai "the brave" of Wallachia ..................... 1558-1601

Monarchs

24 Jan 1859 - 23 Feb 1866 Cuza, Alexandru Ion ................................ 1820-1873

                          (Prince-Dominator of the Danuban principalitys)

23 Feb      - 22 May 1866 Princely Lieutenancy

                          - Nicolae Constantin Golescu ....................... 1810-1878

                          - Lascar Stefan Catargiu ........................... 1823-1899

                          - Nicolae Constantin Haralambie .................... 1835-1908

22 May 1866 - 10 Oct 1914 Hohenzollen, Carol I ...............................i1839-1914

                          (Proclaimed King on 26 Mar 1881)

10 Oct 1914 - 20 Jul 1927 Hohenzollen, Ferdinand I ........................... 1865-1927

                          (in Jasst 03 Dec 1916 - 01 Dec 1918)

20 Jul 1927 - 08 Jun 1930 Hohenzollen, Mihai I ...............................i1921-

                          (1st Time)

20 Jul 1927 - 08 Jun 1930 Regency

                          - Prince Nicolae of Romania ........................ 1903-1978

                          - Patriarch Miron Cristea .......................... 1868-1939

                          - Gheorghe Buzdugan ................................ 1867-1929

                            (to 07 Oct 1929)

                          - Constantin Sǎrateanu ............................. 1882-1935

                            (from 07 Oct 1929)

08 Jun 1930 - 06 Sep 1940 Hohenzollen, Carol II .............................. 1893-1953

06 Sep 1940 - 30 Dec 1947 Hohenzollen, Mihai I (2nd Time)

Presidents

30 Dec 1989 - 29 Nov 1996 Ion Iliescu ........................................ 1930-

30 Nov 1996 - 20 Dec 2000 Emil Ion Constantinescu ............................ 1939-

20 Dec 2000 - 20 Dec 2004 Ion Iliescu (2nd Time)

20 Dec 2004 -             Traian Dumitru Bǎsescu ............................. 1951-

20 Apr      - 23 May 2007 Nicolae Vǎcǎriou ................................... 1943-

                          (acting for suspended Basescu)

 

Prime Ministers

23 Dec 1861 - 15 Feb 1862 Alexandru Constantin Moruzi

15 Feb      - 08 Jun 1862 Baru Catargiu

08 Jun      - 24 Jun 1862 Apostol Arsche

24 Jun 1862 - 24 Oct 1863 Nicolae Cretzulescu (1st Time)

24 Oct 1863 - 26 Jan 1865 Mihail Kogǎlniceanu

26 Jan      - 14 Jun 1865 Constantin Bosianu

14 Jun 1865 - 15 Jul 1866 Nicolae Cretzulescu (2nd Time)

24 May      - 24 Jul 1866 Lascǎr Catargiu

15 Jul      - 16 Jul 1866 Constantin Alexandru Rosetti

24 Jul 1866 - 13 Mar 1867 Prince Ion Ghica (1st)

13 Mar      - 26 Nov 1867 Constantin Alexandru Cretulescu

26 Nov 1867 - 12 May 1868 Stefan Golescu

12 May      - 28 Nov 1868 Nicolae Constantin Golescu

28 Nov 1868 - 14 Nov 1870 Dimitrie Ghica

14 Nov      - 01 May 1870 Alexandru Gheorghe Golescu

01 May      - 26 Dec 1870 Manolache Costache Epureanu (1st Time)

26 Dec 1870 - 24 Mar 1871 Prince Ion Ghica (2nd Time)

24 Mar 1871 - 17 Apr 1876 Lascǎr Catargiu (2nd Time)

17 Apr      - 06 May 1876 Emanoil Ion Florescu

06 May      - 05 Aug 1876 Manolache Costache Epureanu (2nd Time)

05 Aug 1876 - 19 Apr 1881 Ion Constantin Brǎtianu (1st Time)

19 Apr      - 21 Jun 1881 Dumitru Constanin Bratianu

21 Jun 1881 - 13 Apr 1888 Ion Constantin Brǎtianu (2nd Time)

13 Apr 1888 - 11 Apr 1889 Teodor Rosetti

11 Apr 1889 - 02 Mar 1891 Gheorghe Manu

02 Mar      - 29 Dec 1891 Manolache Costache Epureanu (3rd Time)

29 Dec 1891 - 15 Oct 1895 Prince Ion Ghica (3rd Time)

15 Oct 1895 - 02 Dec 1896 Dimitrie Alexandru Strudza-Miclǎusanu

                          (1st Time)

02 Dec 1896 - 12 Apr 1897 Petrie Stefan Aurelian

12 Apr 1897 - 23 Apr 1899 Dimitrie Alexandru Strudza-Miclǎusanu

                          (2nd Time)

23 Apr 1899 - 19 Jul 1900 Count Printul Gheorghe Grigore Cantacuzino

19 Jul 1900 - 27 Feb 1901 Count Petre Petrache Carp (1st Time)

27 Feb 1901 - 04 Jan 1906 Dimitrie Alexandru Strudza-Miclǎusanu

                          (3rd Time)

04 Jan 1906 - 24 Mar 1907 Count Printul Gheorghe Grigore Cantacuzino

                          (2nd Time)

24 Mar 1907 - 09 Jan 1909 Dimitrie Alexandru Strudza-Miclǎusanu

                          (4th Time)

09 Jan 1909 - 14 Jan 1911 Ion Ionel Constantin Bratianu

                          (1st Time)

14 Jan 1911 - 10 Apr 1912 Count Petre Petrache Carp (2nd Time)

14 Jan 1912 - 15 Jan 1914 Titu Liviu Maiorescu

15 Jan 1914 - 09 Feb 1918 Ion Ionel Constantin Brǎtianu

                          (2nd Time)

09 Feb      - 15 Mar 1918 Alexandru Averescu (1st Time)

15 Mar      - 24 Oct 1918 Alexandru Maghiloman

24 Oct      - 14 Dec 1918 Constantin Coandǎ

14 Dec 1918 - 01 Oct 1919 Ion Ionel Constantin Brǎtianu

                          (3rd Time)

01 Oct      - 09 Dec 1919 Artur Vǎitoianu

09 Dec 1919 - 19 Mar 1920 Alexandru Vaida-Voievod

19 Mar 1920 - 18 Dec 1921 Alexandru Averescu (2nd Time)

18 Dec 1921 - 19 Jan 1922 Take Ionescu

19 Jan 1922 - 30 Mar 1926 Ion Ionel Constantin Brǎtianu

                          (4th Time)

30 Mar 1926 - 04 Jun 1927 Alexandru Averescu (3rd Time)

04 Jun      - 21 Jun 1927 Barbu Alexandru Stirbey

21 Jun      - 24 Nov 1927 Ion Ionel Constantin Brǎtianu

                          (5th Time)

24 Nov 1927 - 11 Nov 1928 Vintilǎ Ion Constantin Brǎtianu

11 Nov 1928 - 08 Jun 1930 Iuliu Maniu (1st Time)

10 Oct 1930 - 19 Apr 1931 Gheorghe Grigori Mironescu

19 Apr 1931 - 06 Jun 1932 Nicolae Iorga

06 Jun      - 19 Oct 1932 Alexandru Averescu (3rd Time)

19 Oct 1932 - 14 Jan 1933 Iuliu Maniu (2nd Time)

14 Jan      - 14 Nov 1933 Alexandru Averescu (4th Time)

14 Nov      - 29 Dec 1933 Ion Gheorghe Duca ................................... 1879-1933

29 Dec 1933 - 03 Jan 1934 Constantin Angelescu ................................ 1869-1948

03 Jan 1934 - 28 Dec 1937 Gheorghe Ion Tǎtǎrascu (1st Time) ................... 1886-1957

28 Dec 1937 - 11 Feb 1938 Octavian Goga ....................................... 1881-1938

11 Feb 1938 - 06 Mar 1939 Patriach Miron Elie Cristea of All Romania .......... 1868-1939

06 Mar      - 21 Sep 1939 Armand Cǎlinescu .................................... 1893-1939

21 Sep      - 28 Sep 1939 Gheorghe Argesanu ................................... 1883-1940

28 Sep      - 24 Nov 1939 Constantin Argetoianu ............................... 1870-1952

24 Nov 1939 - 04 Jul 1940 Gheorghe Tǎtarǎscu (2nd Time)

04 Jul      - 04 Sep 1940 Ion Gigurtu ......................................... 1886-1959

04 Sep 1940 - 23 Aug 1944 Ion Victor Antonescu ................................ 1882-1946

                          (Conducǎtor 'Leader' of Romania)

27 Aug      - 02 Dec 1944 Constantin Sǎnǎtescu ................................ 1885-1947

02 Dec 1944 - 06 Mar 1945 Nicolae Rǎdescu ..................................... 1874-1953

26 Dec 1989 - 01 Oct 1991 Petre Roman ......................................... 1946-

01 Oct 1991 - 04 Nov 1992 Theodor Dumitru Stolojan ............................ 1943-

04 Nov 1992 - 12 Dec 1996 Nicolae Vǎcǎroui

12 Dec 1996 - 30 Mar 1998 Victor Ciobea ....................................... 1954-

30 Mar      - 17 Apr 1998 Gavril Dejeu ........................................ 1932-

17 Apr 1998 - 14 Dec 1999 Radu Vasile ......................................... 1942-

14 Dec      - 22 Dec 1999 Alexandru Athanasiu ................................. 1955-

22 Dec 1999 - 28 Dec 2000 Constantin Mugur Isǎrescu ........................... 1949-

28 Dec 2000 - 21 Dec 2004 Adrien Nǎstase ...................................... 1950-

29 Dec 2004 - 22 Dec 2008 Cǎlin-Constantin-Anton Popescu-Tǎriceanu ............ 1952-

22 Dec 2008 - 06 Feb 2012 Emil Boc ............................................ 1966-

06 Feb      - 09 Feb 2012 Cǎtǎlin Marian Prediou .............................. 1968-

                          (interim)

09 Feb      - 07 May 2012 Mihai Rǎzvan Ungureanu .............................. 1968-

07 May 2012 -             Victor-Viorel Ponta ................................. 1972-

 

• Principalities to 1861
• Provinces 1938-1968

Socialist Republic of Romania

 

30 Dec 1947 - 21 Aug 1965 People's Republic of Romania

21 Aug 1965 - 22 Dec 1989 Socialist Republic of Romania

 

General Secretary of the Romanian Communist Party

   Aug 1944 - 20 Apr 1954 Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej ............................. 1901-1965

First Secretaries

20 Apr 1954 - 30 Sep 1955 Gheorghe Apostol ................................... 1913-2010

30 Sep 1955 - 19 Mar 1965 Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej (2nd Time)

General Secretary

19 Mar 1965 - 22 Dec 1989 Nicolae Andruta Ceausescu .......................... 1918-1989

 

Chairmen of the Presidium of the Grand National Assembly

01 Jan 1948 - 02 Jun 1952 Dr Constantin Ion Parhon ........................... 1874-1969

02 Jun 1952 - 07 Jan 1958 Dr Petru Adam Groza ................................ 1884-1958

11 Jan 1958 - 21 Mar 1961 Ion Gheorghe Iosif Maurer .......................... 1902-2000

Presidents of the State Committee

21 Mar 1961 - 19 Mar 1965 Gheorghe Georghiu-Dej .............................. 1901-1965

24 Mar 1965 - 09 Dec 1967 Chivu Stoica ....................................... 1908-1975

09 Dec 1967 - 22 Dec 1989 Nicolae Andruta Ceausescu

                          (President from 28 Mar 1974)

22 Dec      - 30 Dec 1989 Council of National Salvation Front

 

Chairmen of the Council of Ministers

06 Mar 1945 - 02 Jun 1952 Dr. Petru Adam Groza

02 Jun 1952 - 02 Oct 1955 Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej

02 Oct 1955 - 21 Mar 1961 Chivu Stoica                                                             

21 Mar 1961 - 29 Mar 1974 Ion Gheorghe Iosif Maure                                          i

29 Mar 1974 - 29 Mar 1979 Manea Mǎnescu ......................................i1916-2009

29 Mar 1979 - 21 May 1982 Ilie Verdet ........................................ 1925-2001

21 May 1982 - 22 Dec 1989 Constantin Dǎscǎlescu .............................. 1923-2003