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Nederland
 Netherlands, coat of arms
  Adopted 1907
 
Kingdom of Holland 1806-1810
 File:Batavische Rep Gösch.png
Batavian Republic 1795-1806 
  Soubor:Wapenschild Republiek der Zeven Verenigde Nederlanden.gif
             1581-1795
 
600 - 1018                Part of German Empire
900 - 1427                County of Holland
19 Jul 1425               Burgundian Netherlands
23 Dec 1482               Habsburg Netherlands
16 Jan 1556               Part of Spanish Netherlands
26 Jul 1581               Republic of the United Netherlands;
                           formal independence from Spain declared
24 Oct 1648               Independence recognised by Spain
22 Nov 1747 - 19 Jan 1795 United Netherlands
19 Jan 1795 - 13 Jul 1810 Occupied by France
16 May 1795               Batavian Republic
29 Apr 1805               Batavian Commenwealth
06 Jun 1806 - 13 Jul 1810 Kingdom of Holland
13 Jul 1810 - 21 Nov 1813 Annexed by France
21 Nov 1813 - 16 Mar 1815 United Netherlands
16 Mar 1815               Kingdom of the United Netherlands
16 Mar 1815 - 23 Nov 1890 Union with Luxembourg
04 Oct 1830               Independence of Belgium
19 Apr 1839 - 11 May 1867 Duchy of Limburg in personal union
                           with the Netherlands
10 May 1940 - 05 May 1945 Occupied by Germany
 
Government: Constitutional Monarchy.
Capital: Amsterdam.
Language: Dutch, Friesan.
Religion: Roman Catholic, Dutch Reformed Church, Islam, Buddhist.
National Anthem: "Willemous van Nassouwe" (William of Nassau).
National Emblem: Lion.
National Day: Queen's day 30th April (1980).
National Motto: Ik zal handhaven (I shall stand fast).
EU Accesion: Founding Member 1957.
Currency: Euro, Dutch Guilder 1813-2001.
 
Stadtholders
       1559 - 10 Jul 1584 Orange, Willem I de Zwijger
       1585 - 23 Apr 1625 Orange, Maurits I
23 Apr 1625 - 14 Mar 1647 Orange, Frederik Hendrik I
14 Mar 1647 - 06 Nov 1650 Orange, Willem II
       1672 - 08 Mar 1702 Orange, Willem III
22 Nov 1747 - 01 Jan 1751 Orange, Willem IV
01 Jan 1751 - 16 Feb 1795 Orange, Willem V ............................... 1748-1806
Monarchs
05 Jun 1806 - 01 Jul 1810 Bounaparte, Lodewijk I ......................... 1778-1846
01 Jul      - 13 Jul 1810 Bounaparte, Lodewijk II ........................ 1804-1831
02 Dec 1813 - 07 Oct 1840 Orange-Nassau, Willem I ........................ 1772-1843
07 Oct 1840 - 17 Mar 1849 Orange-Nassau, Willem II ....................... 1792-1849
17 Mar 1849 - 23 Nov 1890 Orange-Nassau, Willem III ...................... 1817-1890
23 Nov 1890 - 31 Aug 1898 Waldeck, Emma (Queen Regent) ................... 1858-1934
23 Nov 1890 - 04 Sep 1948 Orange-Nassau, Willemina ....................... 1880-1962
04 Sep 1948 - 30 Apr 1980 Orange-Nassau, Juliana ......................... 1909-2004
30 Apr 1980 -             Orange-Nassau, Beatrix ......................... 1938-
 
Secretaries of State
31 Dec 1813 - 19 Mar 1818 Anton Reinhold Falck ........................... 1777-1843
21 Sep      - 11 Oct 1815 Godert Alexander Gerard
                           Philip van der Capellen ....................... 1778-1848
28 Dec 1823 - 12 Nov 1835 Jean Gijsberto de Mey van Streefkerk ........... 1782-1841
12 Nov 1835 - 22 Sep 1836 Gerrit graaf Schimmelpenninck .................. 1794-1863
01 Dec 1836 - 20 Oct 1840 Henri baron van Doorn van Westcapelle .......... 1786-1853
       1844 - 25 Mar 1848 Willem II
Prime Ministers
25 Mar      - 21 Nov 1848 Gerrit graaf Schmmelpenninck
21 Nov 1848 - 01 Nov 1849 Dirke Donker Curtius ........................... 1792-1864
                          - Jacob Mattheüs de Kempenaer .................. 1793-1870
01 Nov 1849 - 19 Apr 1853 Johan Rudolf Thorbecke (1st Time) .............. 1798-1872
19 Apr 1853 - 01 Jul 1856 Baron Floris Adriaan van Hall (1st Time) ....... 1791-1866
01 Jul 1856 - 18 Mar 1858 Justinus Jacob Leonard van der Brugghen ........ 1804-1863
18 Mar 1858 - 23 Feb 1860 Jan Jacob Rochussen ............................ 1797-1871
23 Feb 1860 - 14 Mar 1861 Baron Floris Adriaan van Hall (2nd Time)
                          - Baron Schelto van Heemstra ................... 1807-1864
14 Mar 1861 - 31 Jan 1862 Baron Jacob Pieter Pompejusvan Zuylen
                           van Nijevelt .................................. 1816-1890
01 Feb 1862 - 10 Feb 1866 Johan Rudolf Thorbecke (2nd Time) 
10 Feb      - 01 Jun 1866 Isaäc Dignus Fransen van de Putte .............. 1822-1902
01 Jun 1866 - 04 Jun 1868 Julius Philip Jacob Adriaan,
                           graaf van Zuylen van Nijevelt ................. 1819-1894
04 Jun 1868 - 04 Jan 1871 Pieter Philip van Bosse ........................ 1809-1879
04 Jan 1871 - 06 Jul 1872 Johan Rudolf Thorbecke (3rd Time)
06 Jul 1872 - 27 Aug 1874 Gerrit Abrahamszoon de Vries ................... 1818-1900
27 Aug 1874 - 03 Nov 1877 Jan Abrahamszoon Heemskerk (1st Time) .......... 1818-1897
03 Nov 1877 - 20 Aug 1879 Johannes Kappeyne van de Coppello .............. 1822-1895
20 Aug 1879 - 22 Apr 1883 Constantijn Theodoor,
                           graaf van Lynden van Sandenburg ............... 1826-1885
22 Apr 1883 - 20 Apr 1888 Jan Abrahamszoon Heemskerk (2nd Time)
20 Apr 1888 - 21 Aug 1891 Baron Æneas Mackay ............................. 1839-1909
21 Aug 1891 - 08 May 1894 Gijsbert van Tienhoven ......................... 1841-1914
08 May 1894 - 26 Jul 1897 Lord Joan Röell ................................ 1844-1914
26 Jul 1897 - 31 Jul 1901 Nicolaas Gerard Pierson ........................ 1839-1909
31 Jul 1901 - 16 Aug 1905 Abraham Kuyper ................................. 1837-1920
16 Aug 1905 - 11 Feb 1908 Theodoor Herman de Meester ..................... 1851-1919
11 Feb 1908 - 29 Aug 1913 Theodorus Heemskerk ............................ 1852-1932
29 Aug 1913 - 09 Sep 1918 Pieter Wilhelm Adriaan Cort
                           van den Linden ................................ 1846-1935
09 Sep 1918 - 03 Aug 1925 Charles Ruijs de Beerenbouck ................... 1873-1936
                          (1st Time)
03 Aug 1925 - 08 Mar 1926 Hendrikus Colijn ............................... 1869-1944
                          (1st Time)
08 Mar 1926 - 10 Aug 1929 Dirk Jan de Geer ............................... 1870-1960
                          (1st Time)
10 Aug 1929 - 26 May 1933 Charles Ruijs de Beerenbouck (2nd Time)
26 May 1933 - 10 Aug 1939 Hendrikus Colijn (2nd Time)
10 Aug 1939 - 03 Sep 1940 Dirk Jan de Geer (2nd Time)
03 Sep 1940 - 24 Jun 1945 Pieter Sjoerds Gerbrandy ....................... 1885-1961
                          (In exile in London)
24 Jun 1945 - 03 Jul 1946 Willem Schermerhorn ............................ 1894-1977
03 Jul 1946 - 07 Aug 1948 Louis Jozef Maria Beel ......................... 1902-1977
                          (1st Time)
07 Aug 1948 - 22 Dec 1958 Willem Drees ................................... 1886-1988
22 Dec 1958 - 19 May 1959 Louis Jozef Maria Beel (2nd Time)
19 May 1959 - 24 Jul 1963 Jan Eduard de Quay ............................. 1901-1985
24 Jul 1963 - 14 Apr 1965 Victor Gerard Maria Marijnen ................... 1917-1975
14 Apr 1965 - 22 Nov 1966 Jozef Maria Laurens Theodoor Cals .............. 1914-1971
22 Nov 1966 - 05 May 1967 Jelle Zijlstra ................................. 1918-2001
05 May 1967 - 06 Jul 1971 Petrus Jozef Sietze de Jong .................... 1915-
06 Jul 1971 - 11 May 1973 Barend Willem Biescheuvel ...................... 1920-2001
11 May 1973 - 19 Dec 1977 Johannes Martin den Uyl ........................ 1919-1987
19 Dec 1977 - 04 Nov 1982 Andreas Antonius Maria van Agt ................. 1931-
04 Nov 1982 - 22 Aug 1994 Rudolphus Franciscus Marie Lubbers ............. 1939-
22 Aug 1994 - 22 Jul 2002 Willem Kok ..................................... 1938-
22 Jul 2002 - 14 Oct 2010 Jan Peter Balkenende ........................... 1956-
14 Oct 2010 -             Mark Rutte ..................................... 1967-
 
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