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Suomi

Adopted 1580, 1978

       1918-1919

1154                      Swedish conquest begins

1249                      Duchy of Finland

       1374 - 20 Aug 1386 Effectivley autonomous under Bo Johnsson Grip

03 Aug 1577 - 17 Sep 1809 In Personal Union with Kingdom of Sweden

27 Feb 1627               Karelia joined to Sweden by Treaty of Stolbova

28 Aug 1713 - 30 Aug 1720 Russian occupation

29 Aug 1742 - 16 Jun 1743 Russian occupation

       1742               Kingdom of Finland (proposed)

22 Mar 1808               Russian occupation

29 Mar 1809 - 1917        In Personal Union with Russian Empire

22 Mar 1809 - 15 Mar 1917 Grand Duchy of Finland

09 Nov 1917               Sovereignty declared

06 Dec 1917               Independence declared (recocnised by Russia 04 Jan 1918)

28 Jan      - 25 Apr 1918 Finnish Socialist Soviet Republic (in southern Finland)

10 Oct 1918               Kingdom of Finland

17 Jul 1919               Republic of Finland

13 Mar 1940               Karelia and Salla region ceded to the USSR

27 Jul 1941 - 19 Sep 1944 Karelo-Finish SSR occupied by Finland

07 Dec 1941               Territories annexed by the USSR in 1940 restored

19 Apr 1944 - 10 Feb 1947 Soviet occupation, 1940 borders restored

30 Sep 1963 -             Saimaa Canal and Malyj Vyostskij island leased from Russia

Government: Republic.

Capital: Helsinki.

Language: Finnish, Swedish, Sami.

Religion: Lutheran.

National Anthem: "Maamme" (Our Land).

National Emblem: Lion.

National Day: Independence Day, December 6th (1917).

National Motto:

EU Accesstion: January 1st 1995.

Currency: Euro, Finnish Markka 1917-2001.

Monarchs

Fornjótr

Kári Fornjótrsson

Frosti Kárasson

Jokul Frostatsson

Snaer Vanha Jokulsson

Thorri Snaersson

Aude Rikas

Gisi

Andur

Froste

Loge

870 - 878                 Faravid

1249 - 1255               Magnusson, Birger

1280 - 1281               Gustavsson, Kaarle

1284 - 1291               Folkunga, Bengt I .................................. 1254-1291

1302 - 1317               Folkunga, Vladimir ................................. 1290-1318

1353 - 1356               Algotsson, Bengt II

1357 - 1359               Algotsson Erik

1371 - 1386               Bo Jonsson Grip

1556 - 1581               Vasa, Johan ........................................ 1537-1592

       1581 - 29 Mar 1809 The Monarchs of Sweden

   Mar      -        1742 Holstein-Gorttop, Pietari

29 Mar 1809 - 01 Dec 1825 Holstein-Gorttop, Aleksanteri I

26 Dec 1825 - 02 Mar 1855 Holstein-Gorttop, Nikolai I

02 Mar 1855 - 13 Mar 1881 Holstein-Gorttop, Aleksanteri II

13 Mar 1881 - 01 Nov 1894 Holstein-Gorttop, Aleksanteri III

01 Nov 1894 - 15 Mar 1917 Holstein-Gorttop, Nikolai II

15 Mar 1917               Holstein-Gorttop, Mikael

15 Mar      - 09 Nov 1917 Vacant; Russian provisional government authority

King

10 Oct      - 14 Dec 1918 von Hesse, Väinö I (Never arrived) ................. 1868-1940

Heads of State (Regents)

09 Nov      - 15 Nov 1917 Eemil Nestor Setälä ................................ 1864-1935

15 Nov      - 28 Nov 1917 Otto Johannes Ludson ............................... 1867-1939

28 Nov 1917 - 12 Oct 1918 Pehr Evind Perinpoika Svinhufvud af Qvalstad ....... 1861-1944

12 Oct 1918 - 27 Jul 1919 Baron Carl Gustaf Mannerheim ....................... 1867-1951

Presidents

27 Jul 1919 - 01 Mar 1925 Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg .............................. 1865-1952

01 Mar 1925 - 01 Mar 1931 Lauri Kristian Relander ............................ 1883-1942

01 Mar 1931 - 01 Mar 1937 Pehr Evind Perinpoika Svinhufvud af Qvalstad

01 Mar 1937 - 19 Dec 1940 Kyösti Gustaf Kallio ............................... 1873-1940

19 Dec 1940 - 04 Aug 1944 Risto Heikki Ryti .................................. 1889-1956

04 Aug 1944 - 11 Mar 1946 Baron Carl Gustaf Mannerheim

11 Mar 1946 - 01 Mar 1956 Juho Kusti Paasikivi ............................... 1870-1956

01 Mar 1956 - 27 Jan 1982 Urho Kaleva Kekkonen ............................... 1900-1986 SK

27 Jan 1982 - 01 Mar 1994 Mauno Henrik Koivisto .............................. 1923-     SDP

01 Mar 1994 - 01 Mar 2000 Martti Oiva Kalevi Ahtisaari ....................... 1937-     SDP

01 Mar 2000 - 01 Mar 2012 Tarja Kaarina Halonen .............................. 1943-     SDP

01 Mar 2012 -             Sauli Väinämö Niinistö ............................. 1948-     KK

Prime Ministers

06 Dec 1917 - 27 May 1918 Pehr Evind Svinhuvud af Qvalstad

                          (1st Time)

27 May      - 26 Nov 1918 Juho Kusti Paasikivi (1st Time)

26 Nov 1918 - 17 Apr 1919 Lauri Johannes Ingman (1st Time)

17 Apr      - 15 Aug 1919 Kaarlo Castrén ..................................... 1860-1938

15 Aug 1919 - 15 Mar 1920 Juho Heikki Karhu Vennola (1st Time)

15 Mar 1920 - 09 Apr 1921 Rafael Waldemar Erich .............................. 1879-1946

09 Apr 1921 - 02 Jun 1922 Juho Heikki Karhu Vennola (2nd Time)

02 Jun      - 14 Nov 1922 Aimo Kaarlo Cajander ............................... 1879-1943

                          (1st Time)

14 Nov 1922 - 18 Jan 1924 Kyösti Gustaf Kallio (1st Time)

18 Jan      - 31 May 1924 Aimo Kaarlo Cajander (2nd Time)

31 May 1924 - 31 Mar 1925 Lauri Johannes Ingman (2nd Time)

31 Mar      - 31 Dec 1925 Antii Agathon Tulenheimo ........................... 1879-1952

01 Jan      - 13 Dec 1926 Kyösti Gustaf Kallio (2nd Time)

13 Dec 1926 - 17 Dec 1927 Väinö Alfred Tanner ................................ 1881-1966

17 Dec 1927 - 22 Dec 1928 Juho Emil Sunila ................................... 1875-1936

                          (1st Time)

22 Dec 1928 - 16 Aug 1929 Oskari Mantere ..................................... 1874-1942

16 Aug 1929 - 06 Jul 1930 Kyösti Gustaf Kallio (3rd Time)

06 Jul 1930 - 16 Feb 1931 Pehr Evind Svinhuvud af Qvalstad

                          (2nd Time)

21 Mar 1931 - 14 Dec 1932 Juho Emil Sunila (2nd Time)

14 Dec 1932 - 07 Oct 1936 Toivo Mikael Kivimäki .............................. 1886-1968

07 Oct 1936 - 12 Mar 1937 Kyösti Gustaf Kallio (3rd Time)

12 Mar 1937 - 01 Dec 1939 Aimo Kaarlo Cajander (3rd Time)

01 Dec 1939 - 03 Jan 1941 Risto Heikki Rysti

03 Jan 1941 - 05 Mar 1943 Johan Wilhelm Jukka Rangell ........................ 1894-1982

05 Mar 1943 - 08 Aug 1944 Edwin Johan Hildegard Linkomies .................... 1894-1963

08 Aug      - 21 Sep 1944 Anders Antti Verner Hackzell ....................... 1881-1946

21 Sep      - 17 Nov 1944 Urho Jonas Castren

17 Nov 1944 - 26 Mar 1946 Juho Kusti Paasikivi (2nd Time)

26 Mar 1946 - 29 Jul 1948 Mauno Pekkala

29 Jul 1948 - 17 Mar 1950 Karl-August Fagerholm .............................. 1901-1984

                          (1st Time)

17 Mar 1950 - 17 Nov 1953 Urho Kaleva Kekkonen ............................... 1900-1986

                          (1st Time)

17 Nov 1953 - 05 May 1954 Sakari Severi Tuomioja ............................. 1911-1964

05 May      - 20 Oct 1954 Ralf Johan Gustaf Törngren ......................... 1899-1961

20 Oct 1954 - 17 Feb 1956 Urho Kaleva Kekkonen (2nd Time)

17 Feb 1956 - 27 Mar 1957 Karl-August Fagerholm (2nd Time)

27 May      - 29 Nov 1957 Vieno Johannes Jussi Sukselainen ................... 1906-1995

                          (1st Time)

29 Nov 1957 - 26 Apr 1958 Berndt Rainer von Fieandt .......................... 1890-1972

26 Apr      - 29 Aug 1958 Reino Iisakki Kuuskoski ............................ 1907-1965

29 Aug 1958 - 13 Jan 1959 Karl-August Fagerholm (3rd Time)

13 Jan 1959 - 19 May 1961 Vieno Johannes Jussi Sukselainen (2nd Time)

19 May      - 14 Jul 1961 Eemil Vihtori Luukka

14 Jul 1961 - 13 Apr 1962 Martti Miettunen ................................... 1907-2000

                          (1st Time)

13 Apr 1962 - 18 Dec 1963 Ahti Kalle Samuli Karjalainen ...................... 1923-1990

                          (1st Time)

18 Dec 1963 - 12 Sep 1964 Reino Ragner Lehto ................................. 1898-1966

12 Sep 1964 - 27 May 1966 Johannes Virolainen ................................ 1914-2000 SK

27 May 1966 - 22 Mar 1968 Kustaa Rafael Paasio ............................... 1903-1980 SDP

                          (1st Time)

22 Mar 1968 - 14 May 1970 Mauno Henrik Koivisto .............................. 1923-    SDP

                          (1st Time)

14 May      - 15 Jul 1970 Teuvo Ensio Aura ................................... 1912-1999

                          (1st Time)

15 Jul 1970 - 30 Oct 1971 Ahti Kalle Samuli Karjalainen (2nd Time)

30 Oct 1971 - 23 Feb 1972 Teuvo Ensio Aura (2nd Time)

23 Feb      - 04 Sep 1972 Kustaa Rafael Paasio (2nd Time)

04 Sep 1972 - 13 Jun 1975 Taisto Kalevi Sorsa ................................ 1930-2004 SDP

                          (1st Time)

13 Jun      - 30 Nov 1975 Keijo Antero Liinamaa .............................. 1929-1980

13 Nov 1975 - 15 May 1977 Martti Miettunen (2nd Time)

15 May 1977 - 26 May 1979 Taisto Kalevi Sorsa (2nd Time)

26 May 1979 - 27 Jan 1982 Mauno Henrik Koivisto (2nd Time)

11 Sep 1981 - 19 Feb 1982 Eino Oskari Uusitalo

19 Feb 1982 - 30 Apr 1987 Taisto Kalevi Sorsa (3rd Time)

30 Apr 1987 - 26 Apr 1991 Harri Hermanni Holkeri ............................. 1937-2011 KK

26 Apr 1991 - 13 Apr 1995 Esko Tapani Aho .................................... 1954-

13 Apr 1995 - 17 Apr 2003 Paavo Tapio Lipponen ............................... 1941-    SDP

17 Apr      - 24 Jun 2003 Anneli Tuulikki Jäätteenmäki ....................... 1955-    SK

24 Jun 2003 - 22 Jun 2010 Matti Taneli Vanhanen .............................. 1955-    SK

22 Jun 2010 - 22 Jun 2011 Mari Johanna Kiviniemi ............................. 1968-    SK

22 Jun 2011 -             Jyrki Tapani Katainen .............................. 1971-    KK

Regions
Provinces to 2009

KK=Kansallinen Kokoomus (National Coalition Party, Conservative)

PS=Perussuomalaiset (True Finns, Finnish nationalist)

SDP=Suomen Sosialidemokraattinen (Social Democratic Party, Social Democratic)

SK=Suomen Keskusta (Centre Party, Centrist, Liberal)

V=Vasemmistolitto (Left Alliance, Eco-Socialist)

______________________________________________________________________

Finnish Democratic Republic

28 Jan      - 25 Apr 1918 Socialist Soviet Republic in Southern Finland

01 Dec 1939 - 12 Mar 1940 Finnish Democratic Republic in Soviet occupied Terijoki

12 Mar 1940               Annexed to the USSR, part of Karelo-Finnish SSR

Chairman of the Central Executive Committee

14 Feb      - 25 Apr 1918 Valfrid Perttilä

Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet

01 Dec 1939 - 12 Mar 1940 Otto Ville Kuusinen

Chairman of the Council of the People's Commissars

28 Jan      - 13 Apr 1918 Kullervo Akilles Manner

13 Apr      - 17 Apr 1918 Otto Ville Kuusinen

17 Apr      - 25 Apr 1918 Edvard Gylling

Åland



   Adopted 1550

       1154 - 29 Mar 1809 Part of Swedish Crown

1808 - 1809               Attempted seperation

29 Mar 1809 - 06 Dec 1917 Part of Russian administrated Finland

20 Aug 1917 - 1921        Movement to re-join Sweden

06 Dec 1917               Part of independent Finland

   Feb      - 13 Jun 1918 Swedish occupation

24 Jun 1921               League of Nations rules in favour of Finland

09 Jun 1922               Autonomous region

Governors

1808 - 1809               Otto Reinhold Meurman

08 Feb      -    Apr 1918 Rudolf Wilhelm Österman

13 Jun 1918 - 17 Oct 1922 Vilhelm Isalsson

17 Oct 1922 - 31 Dec 1937 Wilhelm Fagerlund

01 Jan      - 03 Nov 1938 Torsten Rothberg

03 Nov 1938 - 01 May 1945 Ruben Österberg

01 May 1945 - 31 Dec 1953 Herman Koroleff

01 Jan 1954 - 01 Jul 1972 Tor Brenning

01 Jul 1972 - 30 Sep 1982 Martin Isaksson

01 Oct 1982 - 01 Apr 1999 Hendrik Gustafsson

01 Apr 1999 -             Peter Lindbäck

Chief Ministers

10 Jul 1922 - 30 Dec 1938 Carl Björkman

30 Dec 1938 - 31 Dec 1954 Victor Strandfeldt

01 Dec 1955 - 28 Mar 1967 Hugo Valdemar Johansson

28 Mar 1967 - 30 Jun 1972 Martin Isaksson

01 Jul 1972 - 31 Dec 1978 Alarik Häggblom

01 Jan 1979 - 20 Apr 1988 Folke Woivalin

20 Apr 1988 - 28 Nov 1991 Sune Eriksson

28 Nov 1991 - 24 Nov 1995 Ragnar Erlandsson

24 Nov 1995 - 03 Dec 1999 Roger Jansson

03 Dec 1999 - 26 Nov 2007 Roger Nordlund

26 Nov 2007 - 25 Nov 2011 Viveka Eriksson

25 Nov 2011 -             Camilla Gunell