Iran
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| Adopted 09 May 1980 |
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| 1925-1979 |
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| 1907-1925 |
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| 1423-1907 |
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| Ancient Faravahar |
728 BC Kingdom of Medes
550 BC Persian Empire
330 BC Part of Macedon
312 BC Seleucid Empire
63 BC Parthian Empire
224 AD Sassanid Empire
661 - 990 Arab rule
990 - 1020 Mongol occupation
1194 Fragmentation
1379 Timurid Empire
1449 Fragmentation
Aug 1501 Empire of Persia
12 Oct 1722 - 13 Nov 1729 Afghan occupation
21 Mar 1935 Imperial State of Iran/Persia
25 Aug 1941 - 02 Mar 1945 Allied occupation
05 Feb 1979 Provissional government
01 Apr 1979 - Islamic Republic of Iran
Government: Islamic Republic
Capital: Tehran
Language: Fahsi, Azeri, Baluchi, Kurdish, Pushto, Arabic, Turkmen, Armenian
Religion: Shia Islam, Sunni Islam, Zoroastrian, Baha'i, Orthodox, Jewish
National Anthem: "Sorud-e Melli-e Iran"
National Emblem: Allah in Stylized Arabic script
National Day: Revolution Day, 11 Feb (1979)
National Motto: Esteqlal azadi Jomhori-ye eslami (Independence, Freedom and Islamic Republic)
Currency: Iranian Rial
Monarchs
685-675 Archemaenes I
675-640 Teispes I
640-600 Kurush I
600-559 Kambujiya I
559-530 Achaemenid, Kurush II
530-522 Achaemenid, Kambujiya II
522-486 Achaemenid, Darayavahush I
486-465 Achaemenid, Xshayarsha I
465-424 Achaemenid, Artaxshassa I
424-423 Achaemenid, Xshayarsha II
423-404 Achaemenid, Darayavahush II
404-359 Achaemenid, Artaxshassa II
359-338 Achaemenid, Artaxshassa III
338-336 Achaemenid, Arsha I
336-330 Achaemenid, Darayavahush III
311-281 Seleucid, Seleucus I Nicator
281-261 Seleucid, Antiochus I Soter
261-246 Seleucid, Antiochus I Theor
246-225 Seleucid, Selecus II Callinicus
225-223 Seleucid, Selecus III Ceraunus
223-187 Seleucid, Antiochus III "The Great"
187-175 Seleucid, Selecus IV Philopator
175-164 Seleucid, Antiochus IV Epiphanes
164-162 Seleucid, Antiochus V Eupator
161-150 Seleucid, Demitrius I Soter
154-145 Seleucid, Alekzanda I Balas
145-138 Seleucid, Demitrius II Nicator
(1st Time)
145-140 Seleucid, Antiochus VI Dionysus
140-138 Seleucid, Diodotus I Tryphon
138-129 Seleucid, Antiochus VII Sidetes
129-126 Seleucid, Demitrius II Nicator
(2nd Time)
129-123 Seleucid, Alekzander II Zabinas Parthian Empire
126-123 Seleucid, Cleopatra I Thea 211-191 Parthian, Arsaces II
126-125 Seleucid, Seleucus V Philometor 211-191 Parthian, Arsaces II
125-96 Seleucid, Antiochus VIII Grypus 191-176 Parthian, Phriapatius I
114-96 Seleucid, Antiochus IX Cyzicebus 176-171 Parthian, Phraates I
96-95 Seleucid, Seleucus VI Epiphanes Nictator 171-138 Parthian, Mithridates I
95-92 Seleucid, Antiochus X Eusebus Philopator 138-127 Parthian, Phraates II
95-87 Seleucid, Demetrius III Eucaerus 127-124 Parthian, Artabanus I
95-92 Seleucid, Antiochus XI Epiphanes Philadelphus 124-88 Parthian, Mithridates I
95-83 Seleucid, Philipos I Philadelphusb 95-90 Parthian, Gotarzes I
87-84 Seleucid, Antiochus XII Dionysus 90-80 Parthian, Orodes I
70-69 Seleucid, Seleucus VII Kybiosaktes 77-70 Parthian, Sanatruces I
69-64 Seleucid, Antiochus XIII Asiaticus 70-57 Parthian, Phraates II
65-63 Seleucid, Philipos II Philoromaeus 57-50 ParthianMithridates III
57-50 Parthian, Mithridates III
57-38 Parthian, Orodes II
39-38 Parthian, Pacorus I
38-02 Parthian, Phraates IV
30-26 Parthian, Tiridates II
02-04 Parthian, Phraates V
02-04 Parthian, Musa I
04-06 Parthian, Orodes III
08-12 Parthian, Vonones I
10-38 Parthian, Artabanus II
35-36 Parthian, Tiridates III
40-47 Parthian, Vardanes I
40-51 Parthian, Gotarzes II
50-65 Parthian, Sanabares I
51 Parthian, Vonones II
51-78 Parthian, Vologases I
55-58 Parthian, Vardanes II
78-105 Parthian, Pocorus II
80-90 Parthian, Artabanus III
105-147 Parthian, Vologases III
109-129 Parthian, Osroes I
116 Parthian, Parthamaspates I
129-140 Parthian, Mithirdates V
147-190 Parthian, Osroes II
191-208 Parthian, Vologases V
208-228 Parthian, Vologases VI
216-224 Parthian, Artabanus IV
224-240 Sassanid, Artashir I
240-272 Sassanid, Shapur I
272-273 Sassanid, Hormizd I
273-276 Sassanid, Varahran I
276-293 Sassanid, Varahran II
293 Sassanid, Varahran III
293-302 Sassanid, Nerseh I
302-309 Sassanid, Hormizd II
309-379 Sassanid, Sharpur II
379-383 Sassanid, Artashir II
383-388 Sassanid, Sharpur III
388-399 Sassanid, Varahran IV
399-421 Sassanid, Yazdigird I
421-439 Sassanid, Varahran V
439-457 Sassanid, Yazdigird II
457-459 Sassanid, Hormizd III
459-484 Sassanid, Peroz I
484-488 Sassanid, Valash I
488-496 Sassanid, Kavad I
(1st Time)
496-498 Sassanid, Zamasp I
498-531 Sassanid, Kavad I
(2nd Time)
531-579 Sassanid, Khusro I
579-590 Sassanid, Hormizd IV
590-591 Sassanid, Varahran VI
591-628 Sassanid, Khusro II
628 Sassanid, Kavad II
628-629 Sassanid, Artashir III
629-630 Sassanid, Boran
630-632 Sassanid, Hormizd V
631-632 Sassanid, Khusro III
632-649 Sassanid, Yazdagird III
867-879 Saffarid, Yaqub
879-901 Saffarid, Amir
901-902 Saffarid, Tahir
990-1020 Seljuk I
1020-1037 Seljuk, Arslan I
1037 Seljuk, Chagri Beg
1037-1063 Seljuk, Tughril Beg
1063-1072 Seljuk, Alp Arslan
1072-1092 Seljuk, Malik I
1092-1094 Seljuk, Mahmud
1094-1105 Seljuk, Barkiyaruq I
1105 Seljuk, Malik II
1105-1118 Seljuk, Mohammad I
1118-1131 Seljuk, Mahmud II
1131-1132 Seljuk, Dawud
1132-1134 Seljuk, Tughril II
1134-1152 Seljuk, Masud I
1152-1153 Seljuk, Malik III
1153-1160 Seljuk, Mohammad II
1160-1161 Seljuk, Sulyman Shah
1161-1176 Seljuk, Arslan II
1176-1194 Seljuk, Tughril III
1256-1265 Il Khan, Hulagu TheIl Khan
1265-1282 Il Khan, Abaqa
1282-1284 Il Khan, Ahmad Teguder
1284-1291 Il Khan, Arghun
1291-1295 Il Khan, Gaykhatu
1295 Il Khan, Baydu
1295-1304 Il Khan, Mahmud Gazan
1304-1316 Il Khan, Mohammad Khudabanda Oljeytu
1316-1335 Il Khan, Abu Said
1335-1336 Il Khan, Arpa Ke'un
1336-1337 Il Khan, Musa
1337-1338 Il Khan, Mohammad III
1370-1405 Timurid, Tamerlane
1405-1407 Timurid, Pit Mohammad
1407-1409 Timurid, Khalil Sultan
1409-1447 Timurid, Ruhk
1447-1449 Timurid, Ulugh Beg
1449-1450 Timurid, Abd al latif
1450-1451 Timurid, Abdullah
1451-1469 Timurid, Abu Sa'id
1469-1494 Timurid, Ahmad
1494-1495 Timurid, Mahmud
1495-1500 Timurid, Baysonqur
1494-1500 Timurid, Masud II
1495-1501 Timurid, Ali
Aug 1501 - 23 May 1524 Safavid, Esmail I
23 May 1524 - 14 May 1576 Safavid, Tahmasp I
23 May 1576 - 24 Nov 1577 Safavid, Esmail II
11 Feb 1578 - 01 Oct 1588 Safavid, Mohammad IV
01 Oct 1588 - 19 Jan 1629 Safavid, Abbas I
28 Jan 1629 - 12 May 1642 Safavid, Safi I
12 May 1642 - 25 Sep 1666 Safavid, Abbas II
01 Nov 1666 - 29 Jul 1694 Safavid, Safi II
06 Aug 1694 - 23 Oct 1722 Safavid, Hosayn
23 Oct 1722 - 02 Sep 1732 Safavid, Tahmasp II
02 Sep 1732 - 08 Mar 1736 Safavid, Abbas III
08 Mar 1736 - 20 Jun 1747 Afsharid, Nader
20 Jun 1747 - 29 Sep 1748 Afsharid, Adel
29 Sep 1748 - May 1749 Afsharid, Ebrahim
May 1749 - Jun 1750 Afsharid, Esmail Rukh
1750 Zand, Safi III
1750 - 1765 Zand, Esmail III
1765 - 1779 Zand, Karim
1779 - 17 Jun 1797 Qajar, Ahgah Mohammad
17 Jun 1797 - 24 Oct 1834 Qajar, Fath Ali
09 Nov 1834 - 05 Sep 1848 Qajar, Mohammad II
13 Sep 1848 - 01 May 1896 Qajar, Nasir ad-Din
02 May 1896 - 08 Jan 1907 Qajar, Muzaffa ad-Din.................... 1853-1907
08 Jan 1907 - 16 Jun 1909 Qajar, Mohammad Ali ..................... 1872-1925
16 Jul 1909 - 31 Oct 1925 Qajar, Soltan Ahmed ..................... 1898-1930
(Left Persia on 02 Dec 1923)
18 Jul 1909 - 21 Jul 1914 Regency
- Ali Reza Khan-e Qajar Quyunlu,
Naib as-Sultana Azad ul-Mulk
- Abul Qasim Khan Qarazuglu,
Nasir al-Mulk
24 Mar 1924 - 31 Oct 1925 Prince Mohammad Hassan
(Regent)
01 Nov 1925 - 16 Sep 1941 Pahlavi, Shah Mohammed V Reza ........... 1878-1944
16 Sep 1941 - 05 Feb 1979 Pahlavi, Mohammed VI Reza ............... 1919-1980
(in exile 16 - 22 Aug 1953)
16 Jan - 11 Feb 1979 Sayyid Jalaleddin Tehrani ............... 1893-1987
(Chairman of the Regency Council)
Rahbars
03 Dec 1979 - 03 Jun 1989 Ayatollah Ruholla Musawi Khomeini ....... 1900-1989
03 Jun 1989 - Ayatollah Sayyid Mohammed Khamanie ...... 1939-
Heads of State
05 Feb 1979 - 04 Feb 1980 The Heads of government
Presidents
04 Feb 1980 - 22 Jun 1981 Abolhassan Bani-Sadr .................... 1933-
22 Jun - 02 Aug 1981 Mohammad Ali Raja'i ..................... 1933-1981 IRP
13 Oct 1981 - 03 Aug 1989 Hojatolislam Sayyad Mohammad Ali ........ 1934- IRP
03 Aug 1989 - 03 Aug 1997 Hojatolislam Ali Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani 1935-
03 Aug 1997 - 03 Aug 2005 Hojatolislam Mohammad Khatami ........... 1943-
03 Aug 2005- Mahmoud Ahmadinejad ..................... 1956- AII
Prime Ministers
12 Dec 1871 - Sep 1873 Mirza Husayn Khan Moshir al-Daula
Sep 1873 - 30 Jun 1880 Mirza Yusuf Khan Astiani (1st Time)
01 Jul 1880 - 1885 Kamran Mirza
1885 - 1887 Mirza Yusuf Khan Astiani (2nd Time)
1887 - 1896 Amir Mirza Ali Asghar Khan, Amin os-Sultan
Nov 1896 - Feb 1897 Vacant
Feb 1897 - Jun 1898 Ali Khan Amin ud-Duala
Jun 1898 - 24 Jan 1904 Amir Mirza Ali Asghar Khan,
Amin os-Sultan
24 Jan 1904 - 05 Aug 1906 Shahzada Sultan Abdul Majid Mirza,
Aun ud-Duala
06 Aug 1906 - 18 Feb 1907 Mirza Nasrullah Khan, Mushir ud-Duala
18 Feb - 30 Apr 1907 Soltan Ali Khan Vazir Afkham
01 May - 31 Aug 1907 Amir Mirza Ali Asghar Khan Amin os-Sultan
09 Sep - 13 Sep 1907 Mirza Nasrullah Khan Mushir ud-Daula
25 Oct - 21 Dec 1907 Abul Qasim Khan Qarazuglu Nasir ul-Mulk
(1st Time)
21 Dec 1907 - 21 May 1908 Hossein Quli Khan Mafi Nazim as-Sultan
21 May - 07 Jun 1908 Murtaza Quli Khan Sani ud-Sultan
07 Jun 1908 - 29 Apr 1909 Amir Mustafa Quli Khan-e Qajar
Quyunlu Mushir as-Sultana
30 Apr - 03 May 1909 Prince Kamran Mirza Amir-i-Kabir
03 May - 16 Jul 1909 Saad ad-Daula (1st Time)
16 Jul - 06 Oct 1909 Abul Qasim Khan Qarazuglu Nasir ul-Mulk
(2nd Time)
06 Oct 1909 - 15 Jul 1910 Mohammed Wali Khan Tuknakabuni Sipahdar
ul-Azam (1st Time)
15 Jul 1910 - 19 Jul 1911 Mirza Hassan Ashtiani Mostowfi al-Mamalek
(1st Time)
19 Jul - 26 Jul 1911 Mohammed Wali Khan Tuknakabuni Sipahdar
ul-Azam (2nd Time)
26 Jul 1911 - 23 Dec 1912 Najaf Quli Khan Samsan as Sultana
(1st Time)
23 Dec 1912 - 11 Jan 1913 Saad ad-Daula (2nd Time)
11 Jan 1913 - 30 Jun 1914 Mirza Mohammed Ali Khan Ala as-Sultana
01 Jul 1914 - 31 Jan 1915 Mirza Hassan Ashtiani Mostowfi
al-Mamalek (2nd Time)
01 Feb - 02 Jul 1915 Prince Abdol Hossein Mirza Farmanfarma
(1st Time)
02 Jul - 18 Aug 1915 Prince Sultan Abdol Majid Mirza (1st Time)
18 Aug - 25 Dec 1915 Mirza Hassan Ashtiani Mostowfi al-Mamalek
(3rd Time)
25 Dec 1915 - 28 Feb 1916 Prince Abdol Hossein Mirza Farmanfarma
(2nd Time)
01 Mar 1916 - 07 Jul 1917 Mohammed Wali Khan Tuknakabuni Sipahdar
ul-Azam (3rd Time)
07 Jul - 19 Dec 1917 Mirza Hassan Ashtiani Mostowfi al-Mamalek
(4th Time)
28 Dec 1917 - 20 May 1918 Prince Sultan Abdol Majid Mirza (2nd Time)
20 May - 02 Aug 1918 Najaf Quli Khan Samsan as Sultana
(2nd Time)
02 Aug 1918 - 16 Oct 1920 Mirza Hasan Khan Pirina (1st Time)
16 Oct 1920 - 21 Feb 1921 Fathollah Akbar
21 Feb - 04 Jun 1921 Seyed Ziyaddin Tabatabai
04 Jun - 12 Oct 1921 Ahmad Qawam as-Sultana (1st Time)
12 Oct 1921 - 20 Jan 1922 Shao es-Sultan
20 Jan - 11 Jun 1922 Mirza Hassan Khan Pirnia (2nd Time)
11 Jun 1922 - 30 Jan 1923 Ahmad Qawam as-Sultana (2nd Time)
30 Jan - 15 Jun 1923 Mirza Hassan Ashtiani Mostowfi
al-Mamalek (5th Time)
15 Jun - 28 Oct 1923 Mirza Hassan Khan Pirnia (3rd Time)
28 Oct 1923 - 31 Oct 1925 Mohammed Reza Khan Pahlavi
01 Nov 1925 - 13 Jun 1926 Mohammed Ali Khan Forughi (1st Time)
20 Jun 1926 - 03 Dec 1933 Mahdi Quli Khan Hidayat
03 Dec 1933 - 03 Dec 1935 Mohammed Ali Khan Forughi (2nd Time)
03 Dec 1935 - 26 Oct 1939 Mahmud Jam
26 Oct 1939 - 26 Jun 1940 Ahmad Matin-Daftari
26 Jun 1940 - 27 Aug 1941 Ali Mansur ul Mulk ...................... 1895-1974
27 Aug 1941 - 09 Mar 1942 Mohammed Ali Khan Forughi (3rd Time)
09 Mar - 09 Aug 1942 Ali Soheili (1st Time)
09 Aug 1942 - 15 Feb 1943 Ahmad Qawam as-Sultana (3rd Time)
15 Feb 1943 - 06 Apr 1944 Ali Soheili (2nd Time)
06 Apr - 25 Nov 1944 Mohammed Sa'ed Maraghei (1st Time)
25 Nov 1944 - 13 May 1945 Sa'ed Mustafa Morteza-Qoli
13 May - 06 May 1945 Ebrahim Hakimolmolk (1st Time)
06 May - 30 Oct 1945 Mohsen Sadr-ol-Ashraf
30 Oct 1945 - 28 Jan 1946 Ebrahim Hakimolmolk (2nd Time)
28 Jan 1946 - 18 Dec 1947 Ahmad Qawam as-Sultana (4th Time)
18 Dec - 29 Dec 1947 Sardar Fakher Hekimi
29 Dec 1947 - 13 Jun 1948 Ebrahim Hakimolmolk (3rd Time)
13 Jun - 09 Nov 1948 Abdol Hossein Hajir
09 Nov 1948 - 23 Mar 1950 Mohammed Sa'ed Maraghei (2nd Time)
23 Mar - 26 Jun 1950 Ali Mansur ul Mulk (3rd Time)
26 Jun 1950 - 07 Mar 1951 Sepahbod Haj Ali Razmara
07 Mar - 30 Apr 1951 Hossein Ala (1st Time)
01 May 1951 - 17 Jul 1952 Mohammed Mossaddeq ...................... 1882-1967
(1st Time)
17 Jul - 22 Jul 1952 Ahmad Qawam as-Sultana (5th Time)
22 Jul 1952 - 19 Aug 1953 Mohammed Mossaddeq (2nd Time)
19 Aug 1953 - 07 Apr 1955 Mohammad Fazlollah Zahedi ............... 1897-1963
07 Apr 1955 - 03 Apr 1957 Hossein Ala (1st Time)
03 Apr 1957 - 31 Aug 1960 Manuchehr Eghbal ........................ 1909-1977
01 Sep 1960 - 05 May 1961 Jaafar Sharif-Emami ..................... 1910-1998
(1st Time)
05 May 1961 - 19 Jul 1962 Ali Amini ............................... 1905-1992
19 Jul 1962 - 07 Mar 1964 Amir Asadullah Alam ..................... 1919-1978
07 Mar 1964 - 26 Jan 1965 Hassan Ali Mansur ....................... 1923-1965
26 Jan 1965 - 07 Aug 1977 Amir Abbas Hoveida ...................... 1920-1979
07 Aug 1977 - 27 Aug 1978 Jamshid Amouzegar ....................... 1923-
27 Aug - 06 Nov 1978 Jaafar Sharif-Emami (2nd Time)
06 Nov 1978 - 04 Jan 1979 Gholam Reza Azhari ...................... 1917-2001
04 Jan - 05 Feb 1979 Shahpur Bakhtiar ........................ 1914-1991
05 Feb - 06 Nov 1979 Mehdi Bazargan .......................... 1907-1995
12 Aug 1980 - 04 Aug 1981 Mohammed Ali Raja'i ..................... 1933-1981 IRP
04 Aug - 30 Aug 1981 Hojatolislam Mohammed Javad Bahonar ..... 1933-1981 IRP
01 Sep - 31 Oct 1981 Ayatollah Mohammed Reza Mahdavi-Kani..... 1931-
01 Nov 1981 - 03 Aug 1989 Mir Hossein Moussavi .................... 1941- IRP
AII=Abadgaran-e Iran-e Islami (Alliance of Builders of Islamic Iran, Conservative Islamist)
IRP=Islamic Republican Party (extreme Shi'ite Islamist, Authortarian 1979-1987)
N=Nehzat-e Azadi-yi Iran (Iran Liberation Movement, anti-Shah, Dictatorial Shi'ite Islamist 1987- ex IRP)
NF=National Front (Nationalist Reformist, banned 1953)
ICP=Iranian Communist Party, underground Communist, Banned 1953-1979 1979- )
Arabistan
1435-1941 Khanate of Arabistan
1514 Annexed by Persia
1941 To Iran directly
1980-1988 Partly occupied by Iraq
Khans
1435-1453 Sayyid Muhammed I (1st Time)
1453-1457 Sayyid Sultan Ali I
1457-1466 Sayyid Muhammed I (2nd Time)
1466-1500 Sayyid Sultan Muhsin I
1500-1514 Sayyid Falah I
1881-1888 Sayyid Mawla Muttalib II
1888-1898 Sayyid Mawla Nasrallah I
1898-1910 Sayyid Mawla Abdal Ali III (1st Time)
1910-1924 Shaykh Khazal I
1924-1941 Sayyid Mawla Abdal Ali III (2nd Time)
Azerbaijan
1941-1946 Persian Azerbaijan under Soviet occupation
1945-1946 Azerbaijan People's Government
1946 Agreement reached with Tehran for reintergration into Iran
1946 Iranian military occupation
President
02 Nov 1945 - 15 Nov 1946 Seyid Cefer Pisevari .................... 1893-1947
Kurdistan
Zarrinkafsch
1603 Principality a tributary of Iran
1979 Principality extinguisted by Iran
Monarchs
1603-1630 Muhammad Ali Beg II
1630-1640 Muhammad Zaman Beg I
1640-1648 Mahud Zaman Beg
1648-1701 Muhammad Beg
1701-1733 Haji Eskander Beg e Afghan
1733-1781 Abban Beg
1781-1799 Oghli Beg I Mallik e Kourdistana
1799-1826 Ali Beg III Moshi ol Mamalek
1826-1870 Oghli Beg II Monshi ol Mamalek
1870-1904 Amir Agha Mirza Zaman Kordestani
1904-1931 Amir Agha Miraz Ali Akbar Nasr e Lashgar
1931-1953 Amirzadeh Muhammad Ali III Khan Nasir ol Naizam
1953-1955 Amirzadeh Djawad Khan Zarrinnaal
1955-1971 Amirzadeh Kazem Khan Zarrinnaal Zarrinkafsch
1971-1979 Amirzadeh Ahmed Khan e Zarrinnaal
__________________________________________________________
Democratic Republic of Kurdistan (Mahabad Republic)
1941-1946 Kurdish administration under Soviet occupation
1945 Kurdish People's Republic proclaimed
1946 Independence declared
1946 Iranian military occupation
1947 Leaders executed, ending the Republic
President
10 Dec 1945 - 30 Mar 1947 Qazi Mihemmed bin Ali ................... 1893-1947
(arrested 15 Dec 1946)
Prime Minister
11 Feb 1946 - 30 Mar 1947 Haci Baba Shex .......................... 18..-1947
(arrested 15 Dec 1946)
Commander of the Kurdish Army
10 Dec 1945 - 15 Dec 1946 Mistefa Barzani ......................... 1903-1979
(continued in exile in Iraq then USSR)
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