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 U.S., obverse side of The Great Seal
  Great Seal since 1782
Reverse side of The US Great Seal
                Reverse
United States 
 
1607 - 1620               First English Colonies founded
01 May 1707               British colony
23 Aug 1775               In rebellion against Great Britain
04 Jul 1776               Independence declared (United States of America)
03 Sep 1783               Independence recognised by Great Britain
04 Mar 1789               Constitution ratified
20 Dec 1803               Louisiana purchased from France
23 Feb 1819               Florida purchased from Spain
29 Dec 1845               Texis annexed
07 Jul 1846               Republic of California occupied by US,
                           annexed 02 Feb 1848
02 Feb 1848               Mexican territories annexed
                          (Arizona, Califonia, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico and Utah)
08 Feb 1861 - 10 May 1865 Secession of Confederate States
30 Mar 1867               Alaska Purchased from Russian Empire
07 Jul 1898               Kingdom Hawaii annexed
13 Aug 1898 - 04 Jul 1946 Philippines a US territory
10 Dec 1898               Porto Rico ceded to US by Spain
01 Jan 1899               Cuba ceded to the US by Spain; independent 20 May 1902
 
Government: Federal Republic
Capital: Washington DC
Language: English, Spanish, German
Religion: Protistant, Roman Catholic, Jewish
National Anthem: "The Star Spangelled Banner"
National Emblem: Bald Eagel
National Holiday: Independece day, 4th July, from Great Britan (1776)
National Motto: In God we Trust
Currency: US Dollar
 
Presidents of the Congress
04 Jul 1776 - 29 Oct 1777 John Hancock
01 Nov 1777 - 09 Dec 1778 Henry Laurence
09 Dec 1778 - 28 Sep 1779 John Jay
28 Sep 1779 - 10 Jul 1781 Samuel Hutington
10 Jul      - 04 Nov 1781 Thomas Mckean
Presidents of the United States in Congress Assembled
05 Nov 1781 - 03 Nov 1782 John Hanson
03 Nov 1782 - 02 Nov 1783 Elias Bounidot
02 Nov 1783 - 31 Oct 1784 Thomas Miffilin
31 Oct 1784 - 06 Nov 1785 Rachard Henry Lee
06 Nov 1785 - 05 Jun 1786 John Hancock
05 Jun 1786 - 04 Nov 1787 Arthur St Clair
04 Nov 1787 - 02 Nov 1788 Cyrus Griffin
02 Nov 1788 - 30 Apr 1789 Frederick Augustus Muhlenberg
Presidents
30 Apr 1789 - 04 Mar 1797 George Washington ........................ 1741-1799   (VA)
04 Mar 1797 - 04 Mar 1801 John Adams ............................... 1735-1826 F (MA)
04 Mar 1801 - 04 Mar 1809 Thomas Jefferson ......................... 1743-1826 DR(VA)
04 Mar 1809 - 04 Mar 1817 James Madison ............................ 1751-1836 DR(VA)
04 Mar 1817 - 04 Mar 1825 James Monroe ............................. 1758-1831 DR(VA)
04 Mar 1825 - 04 Mar 1829 John Quincy Adams ........................ 1767-1848 DR(MA)
04 Mar 1825 - 04 Mar 1837 Andrew Jackson ........................... 1767-1845 D (TN)
04 Mar 1836 - 04 Mar 1841 Marten Van Burden ........................ 1782-1862 D (NY)
04 Mar      - 04 Apr 1841 William Henry Harrison ................... 1773-1841 W (OH)
04 Apr 1841 - 04 Mar 1845 John Tyler ............................... 1790-1862 I (VA)
04 Mar 1845 - 04 Mar 1849 James Knox Polk .......................... 1795-1849 D (TN)
04 Mar 1849 - 09 Jul 1850 Zachary Taylor ........................... 1784-1850 R (LA)
09 Jul 1850 - 04 Mar 1853 Millard Fillmore ......................... 1800-1874 R (NY)
04 Mar 1853 - 04 Mar 1857 Franklin Pierce .......................... 1804-1869 D (NH)
04 Mar 1857 - 04 Mar 1861 James Buchanan ........................... 1791-1868 D (PA)
04 Mar 1861 - 15 Apr 1865 Abraham Lincoln .......................... 1809-1865 R (IL)
15 Apr 1865 - 04 Mar 1869 Andrew Johnson ........................... 1808-1875 D (TN)
04 Mar 1869 - 04 Mar 1877 Ulysses Simpson Grant .................... 1822-1885 R (IL)
04 Mar 1877 - 04 Mar 1881 Rutherford Birchard Hayes ................ 1822-1893 R (OH)
04 Mar      - 19 Sep 1881 James Abram Garfield ..................... 1831-1881 R (OH)
19 Sep 1881 - 04 Mar 1885 Chester Alan Arther ...................... 1829-1886 R (NY)
04 Mar 1885 - 04 Mar 1889 Grover Stephan Cleveland ................. 1837-1908 D (NY)
                          (1st Time)
04 Mar 1889 - 04 Mar 1893 Benjaman Harrison ........................ 1833-1901 R (IN)
04 Mar 1893 - 04 Mar 1897 Grover Stephan Cleverland (2nd Time)
04 Mar 1897 - 14 Sep 1901 William Mckinley ......................... 1843-1901 R (OH)
14 Sep 1901 - 04 Mar 1909 Theodor Roosevelt ........................ 1858-1919 R (NY)
04 Mar 1909 - 04 Mar 1913 William Howard Taft ...................... 1857-1930 R (OH)
04 Mar 1913 - 04 Mar 1921 Woodrow Thomas Willson ................... 1856-1924 D (NJ)
04 Mar 1921 - 02 Aug 1923 Warren Gamalien Harding .................. 1865-1923 R (OH)
02 Aug 1923 - 04 Mar 1929 John Calvin Coolidge ..................... 1872-1933 R (MA)
04 Mar 1929 - 04 Mar 1933 Herbert Clark Hoover ..................... 1874-1964 R (CA)
04 Mar 1933 - 12 Apr 1945 Franklin Delano Roosevelt ................ 1882-1945 D (NY)
12 Apr 1945 - 20 Jan 1953 Henry S. Trueman ......................... 1884-1972 D (MO)
20 Jan 1953 - 20 Jan 1961 Dwight David Eisenhower .................. 1890-1969 R (KS)
20 Jan 1961 - 22 Nov 1963 John Fitzgerald Kennedy .................. 1917-1963 D (MA)
22 Nov 1963 - 20 Jan 1969 Lydon Baines Johnson ..................... 1908-1973 D (TX)
20 Jan 1969 - 09 Aug 1974 Richard Milhous Nixson ................... 1913-1994 R (CA)
09 Aug 1974 - 20 Jan 1977 Gerald Rudolph Ford ...................... 1913-2006 R (MI)
20 Jan 1977 - 20 Jan 1981 James Earl Carter ........................ 1924-     D (GA)
20 Jan 1981 - 20 Jan 1989 Ronald Wilson Ragen ...................... 1911-2004 R (CA)
20 Jan 1989 - 20 Jan 1993 George Herbert Walker Bush ............... 1924-     R (TX)
20 Jan 1993 - 20 Jan 2001 William Jefferson Clinton ................ 1946-     D (AR)
20 Jan 2001 - 20 Jan 2009 George Walker Bush ....................... 1946-     R (TX)
20 Jan 2009 -             Barack Hussein Obama ..................... 1961-     D (IL)
 
Vice Presidents
21 Apr 1789 - 04 Mar 1797 John Adams Jr
04 Mar 1797 - 04 Mar 1801 Thomas Jefferson
04 Mar 1801 - 04 Mar 1805 Aaron Burr
04 Mar 1805 - 20 Apr 1812 George Clinton
04 Mar 1813 - 23 Nov 1814 Elbridge Gerry
04 Mar 1817 - 04 Mar 1825 Daniel D. Tompkins
04 Mar 1825 - 28 Dec 1832 John Caldwell Calhoun
04 Mar 1833 - 04 Mar 1837 Martin Van Buren
04 Mar 1837 - 04 Mar 1841 Richard Mentor Johnson
04 Mar      - 04 Apr 1841 John Tyler
04 Mar 1845 - 04 Mar 1849 George Mifflin Dallas
04 Mar 1849 - 09 Jul 1850 Millard Fillmore
04 Mar      - 18 Apr 1853 William Rufus de Vane King
04 Mar 1857 - 04 Mar 1861 John Cabell Breckinridge
04 Mar 1861 - 04 Mar 1865 Hannibal Hamlin
04 Mar      - 15 Apr 1865 Andrew Johnson
04 Mar 1869 - 04 Mar 1873 Schuyler Colfax
04 Mar 1873 - 22 Nov 1875 Henry Wilson
04 Mar 1877 - 04 Mar 1881 William Almon Wheeler
04 Mar      - 19 Sep 1881 Chester Allen Arthur
04 Mar 1885 - 04 Mar 1889 Thomas Andrew Hendricks
04 Mar 1889 - 04 Mar 1893 Levi Parsons Morton
04 Mar 1893 - 04 Mar 1897 Adlai Ewing Stevenson
04 Mar 1897 - 21 Nov 1899 Garret Augustus Hobart
04 Mar      - 14 Sep 1901 Theodore Roosevelt
04 Mar 1905 - 04 Mar 1909 Charles Warren Fairbanks
04 Mar 1909 - 30 Oct 1912 James Schoolcraft Sherman
04 Mar 1913 - 04 Mar 1921 Thomas Riley Marshall
04 Mar 1921 - 02 Aug 1923 John Calvin Coolidge
04 Mar 1925 - 04 Mar 1929 Charles Gates Dawes
04 Mar 1929 - 04 Mar 1933 Charles Curtis
04 Mar 1933 - 20 Jan 1941 John Nance Garner
20 Jan 1941 - 20 Jan 1945 Henry Agard Wallace
20 Jan      - 12 Apr 1945 Henry S. Trueman
20 Jan 1945 - 20 Jan 1953 Alban William Barkley .................... 1877-1956 D (KY)
21 Jan 1953 - 20 Jan 1961 Richard Milhous Nixon                                R
20 Jan 1961 - 22 Nov 1963 Lyndon Baines Johnson                                D
20 Jan 1965 - 20 Jan 1969 Hubert Horatio Humphrey .................. 1911-1978 D (MN)
20 Jan 1969 - 10 Oct 1973 Spiro Theodore Agnew ..................... 1918-1996 R (MD)
06 Dec 1973 - 09 Aug 1974 Gerald Rudolph Ford                                  R
19 Dec 1974 - 20 Jan 1977 Nelson Aldrich Rockerfeller .............. 1908-1979 R (NY)
20 Jan 1977 - 20 Jan 1981 Walter Frederick Mondale ................. 1928-     D (MN)
20 Jan 1981 - 20 Jan 1989 George Herbert Walker Bush                           R
20 Jan 1989 - 20 Jan 1993 James Danford Quayle ..................... 1947-     R (IN)
20 Jan 1993 - 20 Jan 2001 Albert Arnold Gore ....................... 1948-     D (TN)
20 Jan 2001 - 20 Jan 2009 Richard Bruce Cheney ..................... 1941-     R (WY)
20 Jan 2009 -             Joseph Robinette Biden ................... 1942-     D (DE)
 
Political Parties
D=Democratic (Liberalism, Third Way, Progressivism)
R=Republican (Conservatism, Neo-Conservatism, economic liberalism)
I=Independent
Former Parties
DR=Democratic-Republican (Nationalism, Isolationism)
F=Federalist (Federalism)
W=Whig (Classical liberalism, Anti-Masonry)

Confederation States of America
 
Confederate States of America, seal
Confederate Seal 1861-65
 
09 Jul 1860 - 08 Feb 1861 Congress of Secessionist States
08 Feb 1861               Confederate States of America founded by
                           Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi
                            and South Carolina
20 May 1861               Accession of Arkansas and North Carolina
23 May 1861               Accession of Virginia
22 Jul 1861               Accession of Tennessee
28 Nov 1861               Accession of Missouri
10 Dec 1861               Accession of Kentucky
10 May 1865               Confederation dissolved by Federal intervention
 
Presidents
09 Jul 1860 - 04 Feb 1861 Robert Woodward Barnell .............................. 1801-1882
04 Feb      - 18 Feb 1861 Howell Cobb .......................................... 1815-1868
18 Feb 1861 - 10 May 1865 Jefferson Finis Davis ................................ 1808-1889
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