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South Africa

07 Apr 1652 - 16 Sep 1795 Dutch Cape colony

05 Mar 1797 - 21 Feb 1803 Cape colony a British colony

21 Feb 1803 - 10 Jan 1806 Dutch Colony

10 Jan 1806 - 31 May 1910 Cape a British colony, ceded to Britain in 1814

06 Jun 1837 - 12 May 1843 Natal Republic

12 May 1843               Natal annexed by Great Britain

17 Jan 1852               Britain recognises Boer independence east of the Vaal river

21 Sep 1853 - 12 Apr 1877 South-African Republic (Boer)

23 Feb 1854 - 31 May 1902 Orange Free State (Boer)

08 Aug 1881 - 31 May 1902 Transvaal Republic (Boer)

16 Dec 1880 - 23 Mar 1881 First Anglo-Boer war

11 Oct 1899 - 31 May 1902 Second Anglo-Boer War

31 May 1902               Boer resistance ceases with the Treaty of Vereeniging

31 May 1910 - 31 May 1961 Union of South Africa

09 Jul 1915 - 21 Mar 1990 German Southeast Africa (Namibia from 1970) annexed

11 Dec 1931               Full sovereignty granted by UK

04 Jun 1948 - 11 Feb 1990 Apartheid Era

31 May 1961               Republic of South Africa

       1976 - 26 Apr 1994 Four Black Homelands independant (recognised only by South Africa)

21 Mar 1990               Independence of Namibia

27 Apr 1994               End of White minority rule

27 Apr 1994               Walvis Bay ceded to Namibia

South Africa since 1994

    Adopted 2010

Capital: Pretoria

Language: Afrikaans, English, Zulu, Xhosa, Tswana, Sotho, Ndebele, Swazi, Tsonga

Religion: Zion Christian, Roman Catholic, Methodist, Dutch Reformed Church, Islam, Jewish

National Anthem: "National Anthem of South Africa"

National Motto: !ke e: Ixarra Ilke (Unity in Diversity)

National Day: Election day, 27 April (1994)

Currency: Rand

Presidents

10 May 1994 - 16 Jun 1999 Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela ......................... 1918-

16 Jun 1999 - 25 Sep 2008 Thabo Mvuyelwa Mbeki .............................. 1942-

25 Sep 2008               Ivy Matsepe-Casaburri ............................. 1937-2009

                          (acting)

25 Sep 2008 - 09 May 2009 Petrus Kgalema Motlanthe .......................... 1949-

09 May 2009 -             Jacob Gedleyihlekisa Zuma ......................... 1942-

Provinces

South Africa 1910-1994

Coat of Arms 1932-2000

31 May 1910 - 31 May 1961 Union of South Africa

11 Dec 1931               Statute of Westminster grants full sovereignty

04 Jun 1948 - 11 Feb 1990 Aparteid Era

31 May 1961               Republic of South Africa

10 May 1994               End of White minority rule

Capital: Pretoria

Language: Afrikaans, English,

Religion: Roman Catholic, Methodist, Dutch Reformed Church, Jewish

National Anthem: "Die Stem van Suid Afrika" (The Call of South Africa)

National Motto: Ex Unitate Vires (From Unity, Strength)

National Day: National day, 31 May (1910)

Currency: Rand

Governors-General

31 May 1910 - 08 Sep 1914 Herbert John Gladstone,

                           Viscount Newtimber

08 Sep 1914 - 17 Nov 1920 Sydney Charles Buxton,

                           Earl of Buxton

17 Nov 1920 - 07 Dec 1923 Arthur Frederick Patrick Albert,

                           Prince of Conaught

07 Dec 1923 - 21 Jan 1924 Sir James Rose-Innes

21 Jan 1924 - 26 Jan 1931 Augustus Alexander George Cambridge

                           Earl of Athlone

26 Jan 1931 - 05 Apr 1937 George Herbert Hyde Villiers,

                           Earl of Clarendon ................................ 1877-1955

05 Apr 1937 - 17 Jul 1943 Sir Patrick Duncan ................................ 1870-1943

17 Jul 1943 - 31 Dec 1945 Nicolaas Jacobs de Wet ............................ 1873-1960

01 Jan 1946 - 31 Dec 1950 Gideon Brand van Zyl .............................. 1873-1956

01 Dec 1951 - 11 Dec 1959 Ernest George Jansen .............................. 1881-1959

11 Dec 1959 - 31 May 1961 Charles Robert Swart .............................. 1894-1982

State Presidents

31 May 1961 - 01 Jun 1967 Charles Robert Swart .............................. 1894-1982

01 Jun      - 06 Dec 1967 Theophilus Ebenhaezer Dönges ...................... 1898-1968

                          (Did not take office)

01 Jun 1967 - 10 Apr 1968 Jozua François Naudé .............................. 1889-1969

10 Apr 1968 - 09 Apr 1975 Jacobus Johannes Fouché ........................... 1903-1979

19 Apr 1975 - 21 Aug 1978 Nicolaas Johannes Diederichs ...................... 1903-1978

10 Oct 1978 - 04 Jun 1979 Balthazar Johannes Vorster ........................ 1915-1983

04 Jun 1979 - 03 Sep 1984 Marais Viljoen .................................... 1915-2007

03 Sep 1984 - 15 Aug 1989 Pieter Willem Botha ............................... 1916-2006

15 Aug 1989 - 10 May 1994 Frederik Willem de Klerk .......................... 1936-

Prime Ministers

31 May 1910 - 27 Aug 1919 Louis Botha ....................................... 1862-1919

27 Aug 1919 - 30 Jun 1924 Jan Christiaan Smuts .............................. 1870-1950

                          (1st Time)

30 Jun 1924 - 05 Sep 1939 James Barry Munnik Hertzog ........................ 1866-1942

05 Sep 1939 - 04 Jun 1948 Jan Christiaan Smuts (2nd Time)

04 Jun 1948 - 30 Nov 1954 Daniël François Malan ............................. 1874-1959

01 Dec 1954 - 24 Aug 1958 Johannes Gerhards Strijdom ........................ 1893-1958

02 Sep 1958 - 06 Sep 1966 Hendrik Frensch Verwoed ........................... 1901-1966

13 Sep 1966 - 28 Sep 1978 Balthazar Johannes Vorster

28 Sep 1978 - 14 Sep 1984 Pieter Willem Botha

Chairmen of the Minister's Council

- House of the Assembly (Afrikana) -

14 Sep      -    Dec 1984 Sarel Hayward ..................................... 1924-1999

                          (1st Time, acting)

   Dec 1984 -    Apr 1985 Cornelius van der Merwe ........................... 1921-1985

   Apr      -    Jul 1985 Sarel Hayward (2nd Time)

   Jul 1985 -    Sep 1989 Frederik Willem de Klerk

   Sep 1989 -    Dec 1991 Jacobus Coetsee ................................... 1931-2000

   Jan 1992 -    Mar 1993 Magnus André de Merindol Mala ..................... 1930-

   Mar 1993 -    Mar 1994 Adriaan Johannes Vlok ............................. 1937-

- House of Representatives (coloured) -

14 Sep 1984 -    Feb 1992 Helenand Hendrickse ............................... 1927-2005

   Feb 1994 -    Mar 1994 Jakobus A. Rabie .................................. 1938-2008

- House od Delegates (Indian) -

14 Sep 1984 -    Jan 1989 Amichand Rajbansi ................................. 1942-

   Jan      -    Mar 1989 Kassipershad Ramduth .............................. 1921-

                          (acting)

   Mar 1989 -    Feb 1992 Jayaram N. Reddy .................................. 1925-

   Feb 1992 - 31 Mar 1994 Bhadra Ranchod .................................... 1944-

Provinces 1910-1994
Bantustans 1968-1994

Cape Colony

1652-1795 Dutch Cape Colony

1795-1797 British occupation

1797-1803 British colony

1803-1806 Colony of the Batavian Republic

1806-1814 Dutch officially cede Cape Colocny to Britain

1872-1910 Self rule

1910 Part of the Union of South Africa

Prime Ministers

01 Dec 1872 - 05 Feb 1878 John Charles Molteno

06 Feb 1878 - 08 May 1881 John Gordon Sprigg (1st Time)

09 May 1881 - 12 May 1884 Thomas Gordon Scanlen

13 May 1884 - 24 Nov 1886 Thomas Upington

25 Nov 1886 - 16 Jul 1890 John Gordon Sprigg (2nd Time)

17 Jul 1890 - 12 Jan 1896 Cecil John Rhodes

13 Jan 1896 - 13 Oct 1898 John Gordon Sprigg (3rd Time)

13 Oct 1898 - 17 Jun 1900 William Philip Schreiner

18 Jun 1900 - 21 Feb 1904 Sir John Gordon Sprigg

22 Feb 1904 - 02 Feb 1908 Leander Starr Jameson

03 Feb 1908 - 31 May 1910 John Xavier Merriman

Orange Free State

1848-1854 Orange River under British rule

1854-1902 Republic of the Orange Free State

1880-1881 1st Anglo-Boer war

1899-1902 2nd Anglo-Boer war

1902-1910 Orange Free colony

1910      Part of South Africa

British Residents & Governors

08 Mar 1845 - 16 Jan 1846 William Sutton

16 Jan 1846 - 23 Jul 1852 Henry Douglas Warden

23 Jul 1852 - 11 Mar 1854 Henry Green

23 Jun 1902 - 01 Apr 1905 Alfred Milner, viscount Milner

02 Apr 1905 - 07 Jun 1907 William Waldegrave Palmer,

                           Earl of Selborne

07 Jun 1907 - 31 May 1910 Sir Hamilton John Goold-Adams

State Presidents

18 Apr 1854 - 10 Feb 1855 Josias Philippus Hoffman

10 Feb      - 27 Aug 1855 Jacobus Johannes Venter (1st Time)

27 Aug 1855 - 06 Sep 1859 Jacobus Nicolaas Boshof

06 Sep      - 15 Dec 1859 Esaias Reynier Snyman

15 Dec 1859 - 08 Feb 1860 Jacobus Johannes Venter (2nd Time)

08 Feb 1860 - 20 Jun 1863 Marthinus Wessel Pretorius

20 Jun 1863 - 02 Feb 1864 Jacobus Johannes Venter

02 Feb 1864 - 02 Feb 1888 Johannes Henricus Brand

14 Jul 1888 - 10 Jan 1889 Pieter Jeremias Blignaut (1st Time)

10 Jan 1889 - 11 Dec 1895 Francis William Reitz

11 Dec 1895 - 04 Mar 1896 Pieter Jeremias Blignaut (2nd Time)

04 Mar 1896 - 31 May 1902 Marthinus Theunis Steyn

                          (in exile from 1900)

30 May 1900 - 31 May 1902 Chrisatiaan Rudolph de Wet

                          (acting for Steyn)

Prime Minister

27 Nov 1907 - 31 Dec 1910 Abraham Fischer

Natal

1837-1838 Free Province of New Holland

1838-1843 Natalia Republic

1843-1910 British colony

1844-1845 Annexed to Cape Colony

1845-1856 Natal province

1856-1910 Natal colony

1893-1910 Self rule

1910      Part of the Union of Souf Africa

President of the Burghers Council & Chief Commandant

02 Dec 1836 - 06 Jun 1837 Gerhardus Marthinus Maritz

Chief Governor

06 Jun 1837 - 06 Feb 1838 Pieter Maurites Retief

Presidents of the Policy Council

06 Feb      - 23 Sep 1838 Gerhardus Marthinus Maritz

23 Sep      - 12 Oct 1838 Karel Pieter Landman

Chairmen of the Raad

15 Feb 1839 -    May 1840 Johannes Stephanus Maritz (1st Time)

   Aug      - 04 Sep 1840 Karel Pieter Landman (1st Time)

04 Sep 1840 - 14 Jan 1841 Laurens Badenhorst

14 Jan      - 07 Apr 1841 Joachim Johannes Petrus Prinsloo

07 Apr 1841 - 21 Jan 1842 Jacobus Nicolaas Boshof

15 May      - 28 Sep 1843 Johannes Stephanus Maritz (2nd Time)

Commandant-General

23 Nov 1838 - 09 Aug 1842 Andries Wilhelmus Jacobus Pretorius

Prime Ministers

10 Oct 1893 - 14 Feb 1897 Sir John Robinson

15 Feb      - 04 Oct 1897 Henry Escombe

05 Oct 1897 - 08 Jun 1899 Sir Henry Binns

09 Jun 1899 - 17 Aug 1903 Sir Albert Henry Hime

18 Aug 1903 - 16 May 1905 George Morris Sutton

16 May 1905 - 28 Nov 1906 Charles John Smythe

28 Nov 1906 - 28 Apr 1910 Frederick Robert Moor

Transvaal

1848      Establishment of the united band

1852-1853 Holland-African Republic

1853-1855 South-African Republic

1877-1883 British colony

1880-1881 1st Anglo-Boer war

1883-1902 South-African Republic (restored

1899-1902 2nd Anglo-Boar war

1902-1910 British colony

1910      Part of South Africa therafter

Commandants at Magaliesberg

22 Dec 1838 -    Jun 1845 Andries Hendrik Potgieter

   Jun 1845 - 20 Jun 1848 Gert Kruger

Commandants-General

20 Jun 1848 - 20 Sep 1849 Andries Wilhelmus Jacobus Pretorius (1st Time)

20 Sep 1849 - 16 Oct 1850 Post Abolished

16 Oct 1850 - 15 Jan 1851 Andries Wilhelmus Jacobus Pretorius (2nd Time)

- Lijdenburg -

15 Jan 1851 - 17 Dec 1856 Willem François Joubert

- Zoutpansberg -

15 Jan 1851 - 16 Dec 1852 Andries Hendrik Potgieter

16 Dec 1852 - 06 Nov 1854 Pieter Johannes Potgieter

06 Nov 1854 - 18 Feb 1858 Stephanus Schoeman

- Marico -

15 Jan 1851 -    Apr 1852 Johan Adam Enslin

- Potchefstroom-Rustenburg -

15 Jan 1851 - 23 Jul 1853 Andries Wilhelmus Jacobus Pretorius

09 Aug 1853 - 06 Jan 1857 Marthinus Wessel Pretorius

Chairmen of the Volksraad

23 May      - 25 May 1849 Andries Wilhelmus Jacobus Pretorius

19 Sep 1849               Jacob de Clercq

06 Dec      - 12 Dec 1849 Pieter Ernst Kruger (1st Time)

22 Jan      - 30 Jan 1850 Willem C. Swart

26 May      - 24 Aug 1850 Willem Hendrik Jacobszoon (1st Time)

10 Sep 1850 - 15 Feb 1851 Cornelis D. Potgieter (1st Time)

05 May 1851               Willem Hendrik Jacobszoon (2nd Time)

09 May 1851               Willem Hendrik Jacobszoon (3rd Time)

11 Jun 1851               Johannes N.Hendrik Grobler

05 Jul 1851               Johannes Christoffel Steyn

01 Sep      - 03 Sep 1851 Cornelis D. Potgieter (2nd Time)

27 Nov      - 29 Nov 1851 Willem Hendrik Jacobszoon (4th Time)

12 Feb 1852               Joachim Johannes Petrus Prinsloo (1st Time)

14 Feb 1852               Pieter Ernst Kruger (2nd Time)

17 May      - 06 May 1852 Cornelis D. Potgieter (3rd Time)

06 May 1852               Andreas Theodorus Spies

07 May 1852               C. Viljoen

15 Jun      - 12 Jul 1852 Cornelis D. Potgieter (4th Time)

04 Oct 1852               Joachim Johannes Petrus Prinsloo (2nd Time)

04 Oct 1852 - 05 Jul 1855 Cornelis D. Potgieter (5th Time)

10 Sep      - 18 Sep 1855 Hercules Albertus Pretorius

05 Nov      - 20 Nov 1855 Johannes Hermanus Grobler (1st Time)

27 Nov 1855               Cornelis D. Potgieter (6th Time)

04 Mar      - 11 Mar 1856 JohannesHermanus Grobler (2nd Time)

11 Mar 1856               Hendrik Teodor Bührmann

27 May      - 30 May 1856 Cornelis D. Potgieter (7th Time)

05 Jan      - 06 Jan 1857 Johannes Pieter Furstenberg

State Presidents

06 Jan 1857 - 15 Sep 1860 Marthinus Wessel Pretorius (1st Time)

15 Sep      - 06 Dec 1860 Johannes Hermanus Grobler

06 Dec 1860 - 17 Apr 1862 Stephanus Schoeman

18 Apr 1862 - 10 May 1864 Willem Cornelis Janse van Renseburg

10 May 1864 - 21 Nov 1871 Marthinus Wessel Pretorius (2nd Time)

21 Nov 1871 - 01 Jul 1872 Daniel Jacobus Erasmus van Straten

01 Jul 1872 - 12 Apr 1877 Thomas François Burgers

12 Apr 1877 - 08 Aug 1881 British occupation

08 Aug 1881 - 31 May 1902 Stephanus Johannes Paulus Kruger

                          (In exile in Switzerland from 10 Sep 1900)

10 Sep 1900 - 31 May 1902 Schalk Willem Burger (acting for Kruger)

Prime Minister

04 Feb 1907 - 31 May 1910 Louis Botha

kwaZulu

Kwa Zulu Kingdom

1879 British occupation

1887-1897 British Crown Colony

1897      Incorporated into Natal

Kings

Mnguni

Nkosinkulu

Mdlani

Luzumana

Mandela kaLuzumana

Ntombhela kaMalandela

1709-1715 Zulu kaNtombhele

1715-1720 Gumede kaZulu

1720-1727 Phunga kaGumede

1727-1745 Mageba kaPhunga

1745-1763 Ndaba kaMageba

1763-1781 Jama kaNdaba

1781-1816 Senzangakhona KaJama

       1816 - 23 Sep 1828 Shaka kaSenzangakhona

   Nov 1828 - 29 Jan 1840 Dingane kaSenzangakhona

10 Feb 1840 - 18 Oct 1872 Mpande kaSenzangkhona

18 Oct 1872 - 28 Aug 1879 Cetshwayo Ka Mpande (1st Time)

28 Aug 1879 - 29 Jan 1883 Thirteen Chiefs

                          - John Robert Dunn

                          - Hlubi

                          - Faku

                          - Gawuzi

                          - Mfanawendlela

                          - Mgitshwa

                          - Mlandela

                          - Mqonjama

                          - Ntshingiswao

                          - Sekethwayo

                          - Somkhele

                          - Uhamu ka Mpande

                          - Zibhebhu ka Mapitha

29 Jan 1883 - 08 Feb 1884 Cetshwayo Ka Mpande (2nd Time)

21 May 1884 - 18 Oct 1913 Dinizulu kaCetshwayo

01 Nov 1913 - 04 Mar 1933 Salamoni Nkashiyana Maphumuzana

                          ka Dinizulu

02 Apr 1933 - 27 Aug 1948 Arthur Edward Mshiyeni Zulu

                          Ka Dinuzulu (acting)

27 Aug 1948 - 17 Sep 1968 Cyprian Bhekuzulu ka Nyangayezizwe

                           ka Nkashiyana Solomon

   Nov 1968 - 03 Dec 1971 Israel Mcwayizeni Zulu

                           ka Nkashiyana (acting)

03 Dec 1971 -             Goodwill Zwelethini ka Bhekuzulu

Xhosa

amaGcaleka

Paramount Chiefs

1695-1697 Ngconde a Togu

1697-1702 Tshiwo a Ngconde

1702-1736 Mdange a Ngconde

1736-1775 Phalo a Tshiwo

1775-1791 Gcaleka a Phalo

1791-1804 Khawuta a Gcaleka

1804-1820 Nqoko a Gcaleka

       1820 - 12 May 1835 Hintsa a Khawatu

19 May 1835 -    Feb 1893 Sarhili a Hitsa

   Feb 1893 -        1902 Sigcawu a Sarhili

       1902 - 30 May 1921 Salukaphathwa Gwebinkumbi

                          a Sigcawu

01 Aug 1921 - 31 Dec 1923 Daliza a Sigcawu

01 Jan 1924 - 02 Jun 1933 Mpisekhaya Ngangomhlaba

                          Sigcawu a Gwebinkumbi

02 Jun 1933 - 09 Apr 1965 Bungeni Zwelidumile Sigcawu

                          a Gwebinkumbi

       1965 - 30 Dec 2005 Xolilizwe Mzikayise Sigcawu

27 Jan 2006 -             Zwelonke Sigcawu

amaMbalu

Chiefs

       1740 -        1794 Ulanga a Phalo

       1794 - 01 Apr 1846 Ngqeno a Ulanga

01 Apr 1846 -        18.. Stockwe a Ngqeno

amaGqunukhwebe

Chiefs

       17.. -        1793 Tshaka a Tyakha

       1793 - 07 Jan 1812 Cungwa a Tshaka

07 Jan 1812 - 01 Oct 1869 Phatho a Cungwa

01 Oct 1869 - 14 Aug 1875 Kama a Cungwa

14 Aug 1875 -        1899 William Shaw a Kama